Arctic diaper snail
| Arctic diaper snail | ||||||||||||
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Vertigo modesta , holotype (from Say in Keating, 1824: Plate 15 Fig. 5) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Vertigo modesta | ||||||||||||
| ( Say in Keating , 1824) |
The Arctic diaper snail ( Vertigo modesta ) is a species of the diaper snail family (Vertiginidae) from the suborder of the land snail (Stylommatophora). It is very likely that this circumpolar arctic and alpine taxon is a species complex .
features
The right-hand wound, elongated-cylindrical to approximately egg-shaped housing is 2.05 to 2.6 mm high and 1.25 to 1.55 mm wide. It has 5 (to 6) strongly arched, rapidly increasing turns and a deep seam. The apex is bluntly rounded. The Protokonch is white and finely granulated. The surface of the following turns shows numerous fine and regular growth strips. On the middle turns, the streaking is more clearly developed. The housing is colored light yellowish-brown, the surface has a silky sheen. The last turn takes up more than half of the total height. The mouth is obliquely heart-shaped in the frontal view. The edge of the mouth is simple, hardly thickened and also hardly expanded. The reinforcement of the mouth consists of 0 to 5 small teeth, usually four or three teeth are formed, a parietal tooth, a columellar tooth and a deep-seated palatal tooth. This can also be absent, and another small tooth can also be formed in the upper palatal region. An angularis is also rarely present (in North American forms). Usually there is no neck bulge. Also, there is usually no callus or only a very small callus formed inside the mouth.
- Similar species
The shell of the Nordic diaper snail is similar to the Arctic diaper snail. In the latter type, the apex tapers slightly. The turns increase a little faster and are more arched.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species complex of the arctic nappy snail has a circumpolar , arctic distribution, in Europe also in the Alps, the Carpathians, the Pyrenees and Scotland. The subspecies hoppei occurs even in Greenland .
The animals occur in moist, shady locations in mountain valleys. In Scandinavia, they are typically found on valley slopes overgrown with subarctic forest. They live under stones or scree fields overgrown by plants and in the litter. In the Alps, they are mainly found at altitudes above 1600 meters to around 2100 meters above sea level.
Taxonomy
The Tayon was first described in 1824 by Thomas Say in William Hypolitus Keating 's "Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the woods, & c" as Pupa modesta .
Subspecies according to Pilsbry, Welter Schultes and "Molluscs of central Europe":
- Vertigo modesta modesta (Say, 1824), nominate subspecies, North America, 4 teeth, parietal, columellar and lower palatal tooth of the same size, upper palatal tooth smaller
- Vertigo modesta arctica (Wallenberg, 1868), Europe, Western Siberia, parietal and columellar tooth present, palatal tooth present or missing
- Vertigo modesta corpulenta (Morse, 1865), Nevada, 4 teeth, parietal, columellar tooth, two palatal teeth, casing thicker
- Vertigo modesta hoppei Möller, 1842, Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, 0 to 3 teeth
- Vertigo modesta insculpta Pilsbry, 1919, Arizona, New Mexico, over 3000 m, strong streaking on the penultimate and penultimate bend, occasionally also on the last bend
- Vertigo modesta krauseana Reinhardt, 1883, Eastern Siberia, Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, a parietal tooth (and there may be a trace of a columellar tooth).
- Vertigo modesta tirolensis Gredler, 1869, a columellar tooth, a parietal tooth
- Vertigo modesta ultima Pilsbry, 1919, Alaska, no teeth
- Vertigo modesta castanea Sterki, 1892, California, 2700 m altitude, all teeth very small, if present, lower palatal tooth relatively large, columellar tooth mostly present, parietal tooth very small or missing, upper palatal tooth very small or missing
- Vertigo modesta sculptilis Pilsbry, 1934, strong streaking on the penultimate and penultimate turn, up to five very small teeth, very small parietal tooth or missing, very small columellar tooth, lower palatal tooth or missing, there may be approaches of an upper palatal tooth and an angularis to be available.
The above compilation is very uncertain as there is no revision of the genus Vertigo . Some of the named "subspecies" could also be species in their own right. The taxon Vertigo modesta extima (Westerlund, 1877) from Siberia, which is also listed as a subspecies, is now seen as an independent species again.
Danger
In Germany, the species is threatened with extinction (hazard category 1). In Switzerland, too, it is classified as critically endangered. It is endangered in Scotland and Austria.
literature
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 93/4)
- Henry Augustus Pilsbry, C. Montague Cooke: Manual of conchology; structural and systematic. With illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 25, 401 pp., Philadelphia, 1919-1920. Online at www.archive.org (p. 123)
- Henry Augustus Pilsbry: Land Mollusca of North America: (north of Mexico). Online at Google Books (not entirely complete)
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 p., 679 p., Q1-Q78 p., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 127)
Individual evidence
- ^ William Hypolitus Keating: Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the woods, & c. & c. performed in the Year 1823, by order of the hon. JC Calhoun, under the Command of Stephen H. Long. Compiled from the notes of Major Long, Messrs. Say, Keating, and Colhoun. In two volumes. Vol. II. SI-VI, pp. 5–459, Philadelphia, Carey & Lea, 1824 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 259)
- ^ Molluscs of central Europe Vertigo (Vertigo) modesta (Say 1824)
- ↑ Jeffrey C. Nekola, Brian F. Coles: Pupillid Land Snails of Eastern North America. American Malacological Bulletin, 28 (2): 29-57, 2010. BioOne
- ↑ Stefan Meng: New data on the distribution of the Vertiginidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Central Asia. Mollusca, 26 (2): pp. 207-219, Dresden 2008 PDF
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1-28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB)
