Asmā 'bint Abī Bakr

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Asmā 'bint Abī Bakr ( Arabic اسماء بنت ابي بكر, DMG Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr ; † 692 ) was the daughter of the first caliph Abū Bakr as-Siddīq ibn Abī Quhāfa and his first wife Qutaila bint ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā and the older half-sister of Aisha bint Abi Bakr , one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed .

According to Islamic tradition, Asmāʾ was one of the earliest followers of Muhammad in Mecca . Ibn Hishām lists them in tenth place in his list of the Sābiqūn awwalūn . She gained particular merit during the Hijra in 622, when Mohammed and her father Abū Bakr hid themselves for three days in a cave on Mount Thaur below Mecca before setting off for Medina . During this time Asmāʾ is said to have regularly supplied the two men with food and water in the evenings, despite all the dangers. On one of these occasions she is said to have torn her sash in two strips to tie up the provisions and lower them into the cave. According to tradition, this is the epitome of Dhāt an-Nitāqain ("the one with the two straps"). Ibn Ishāq reports that, after her father left the city, Asmā erhielt received a visit from a group of Quraish , including Abū Jahl . When she replied to her question about her father's whereabouts that she did not know about it, she is said to have slapped Abū Dschahl so hard that her earrings were thrown off.

According to the hijra, Asmāirat married the companion of the Prophet az-Zubair ibn al-ʿAuwām . She bore him the sons ʿAbdallāh , ʿUrwa and several other children. But the marriage did not go happily, al-Zubayr treated Asmā' very hard and repudiated eventually. While az-Zubair took the younger son ʿUrwa with him, ʿAbdallāh stayed with his mother.

Asmāʾs mother Qutaila, who Abū Bakr had rejected in pre-Islamic times, never accepted Islam. When Qutaila came to visit her before the Muslim conquest of Mecca and brought her presents, Asmāʾ denied her access to her home and refused her presents. Obviously feeling guilty about her behavior, she asked her sister ʿĀʾisha to question the Prophet about it. He ruled that she should have let her mother in and accepted her gifts. The incident is considered to be the occasion for the revelation of the Qur'anic word in Sura 60 : 8, which allows Muslims to be respectful and just towards non-Muslims who did not fight against them because of their religion and who did not drive them from their homes.

Asmāʾ is also said to have been the driving force in the resistance movement against the Umayyads , which was led by their son ʿAbdallāh from 680 onwards. In old age she became blind. With reference to al-Hajjaj ibn Yūsuf , who defeated her son in 692, she spread that the Prophet had said that two liars would come from the tribe of Thaqīf. By this she meant al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba and al-Hajjaj.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Ibn Hischām: Kitāb Sīrat Rasūl Allāh from d. Hs. On Berlin, Leipzig, Gotha a. Leyden ed. by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. 2 vols. Göttingen 1858-59. P. 328f. Digitized
personal data
SURNAME Asmā 'bint Abī Bakr
ALTERNATIVE NAMES اسماء بنت ابي بكر (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter of the first caliph Abū Bakr as-Siddīq ibn Abī Quhāfa
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 692