Assertion

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Assertion (from Latin assertio , statement) is a term used in linguistics and logic . It stands for a certain assertion, insurance, statement. The associated adjective is assertoric , i.e. establishing or asserting.

Linguistics

The term assertion denotes various things in linguistics:

  1. Making a truth claim for a proposition in the cognitive act of judgment. This act is made known by an assertion (as in Gottlob Frege ) which is called assertive in speech- action theory.
  2. The declarative clause after its prototypical use as a clause with which an assertion is made.
  3. The propositional content of a sentence in contrast to the presupposition . The assertion is then "that part of the statement that is presented as right or wrong: colloquially one could say: that which is explicitly asserted."

logic

In logic, the term assertoric denotes sentences (judgments) in which something is simply asserted as true or false. In the apodictic sentence, on the other hand, it is asserted that something is necessarily true, in the problematic sentence that something is possibly true. Sometimes an assertoric logic is also spoken of when a non- modal logic is mentioned.

Sentence and judgment

Assertations represent a basic type of logical sentences . Assertoric sentence can be understood as another expression for propositional sentence , apophantic sentence , logos apophantikos ( Aristotle ), truth-defining sentence or assertion sentence .

The concept of the assertoric sentence goes back to the classic, Aristotelian distinction between meaningful and assertive speech: “Every sentence has a meaning [semantikós], but not everyone points to something [apophantikós], only those who can be true or false. "

In Scholasticism and by Immanuel Kant , judgments were classified according to their (alethic) modality related to reality and truth :

  1. problematic ( expressing a possibility e.g. it is possible that SP is)
  2. assertoric ( asserting reality e.g. it is in fact that SP is)
  3. apodictic (meaning a logical necessity e.g. it is necessary that SP is)

Assertoric sentences are sentences "in which something is asserted as true or denied without any addition".

S = subject; P = predicate

In the terminology of the doctrine of judgment in classical logic, assertoric judgments are “judgments in which it is asserted that the predicate concept actually belongs or does not belong to the subject concept (form: S is P or S is not P )”.

Every use of an assertoric sentence, be it affirmative or negative, is an assertion. Sometimes the assertoric sentence is only (mis) understood as the affirmative assertion sentence. "The sentences" p "and" ¬ p "have opposite meanings, but they correspond to one and the same reality."

Web links

Wiktionary: Assertion  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Rehbock: Assertion. In: Helmut Glück , Michael Rödel (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-476-02641-5 , p. 63
  2. ↑ Stein, Achim: Introduction to French Linguistics. 3rd edition - Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 2010, p. 88; according to Helmut Rehbock: Assertion. In: Helmut Glück , Michael Rödel (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-476-02641-5 , p. 63, the meaning (3) is based on a "lax [n] way of speaking".
  3. ↑ Bocheński, Formal Logic, 2nd ed. (1962), p. 467
  4. ↑ Tugendhat, Wolf: Logical-semantic propaedeutics . 1983, p. 127
  5. ↑ Zoglauer, Thomas: Introduction to formal logic for philosophers . 1999, p. 21
  6. ↑ Aristotle : De interpretatione , chap. 4. Quoted from Tugendhat, Wolf: Logical-semantic propaedeutics . 1983, p. 23
  7. ↑ Cf. Prechtl: Modallogik . In: Metzler-Lexikon Sprach , 3rd ed. 2005: assertoric is the "alethic modality of a sentence that something is really true"
  8. ^ Judgment . In: Regenbogen, Meyer: Dictionary of Philosophical Terms . 2005. Modality . In: Schülerduden, Philosophie , 2nd edition 2002
  9. ↑ assertoric . In: Regenbogen, Meyer: Dictionary of Philosophical Terms . 2005
  10. ↑ Spree: Assertoric . In: Rehfus: Concise Dictionary Philosophy . 2003
  11. ↑ Tugendhat, Wolf: Logical-semantic propaedeutics . 1983, p. 212 f.
  12. ↑ Wittgenstein : Tractatus 4.0621. Quoted from Brandt, Dietrich, Schön: Sprachwissenschaft , 2nd ed. (2006), p. 81 fn. 10