Babai uprising

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The Babai Uprising was the largest uprising in the history of the Anatolian Rum Seljuks . The uprising led by Baba Ilyas was difficult to end in 1239 by the Seljuk army.

Reasons for the uprising

Baba Ilyas was a member of the Yeese order and a dervish who wanted to proselytize the Turkmens in Anatolia . He found many supporters among the Turkmen who were badly treated by the Seljuk government. Baba Ilyas believed that love for God could not be achieved through strict rules and commandments, but through the love of a person. He was against the separation of men and women and upheld the equality of all people. He also advocated the idea of ​​a society with common property and possessions, which the Turkmens liked.

In the 13th century, many Turkmens fled the Mongols from Azerbaijan and Khorasan to Anatolia. But the Rum Seljuks did not allow the refugees to settle in Western Anatolia. There were conflicts between the established Anatolian Turkmens and the immigrant Turkmens about grazing areas for the herds of animals. The refugees locked up in Anatolia quickly became impoverished, leading to further conflicts between Turkmen settlers and nomads. The Rum Seljuk government protected the settlers and punished the newcomers. This unfair treatment by Sultan Kai Chosrau II led the newcomers to gather around Baba Ilyas. His helper Baba Ishak organized the Turkmens and prepared them for a revolt. When Kai Chosrau II sent soldiers against Baba Ilyas, the uprising broke out.

Suppression of the uprising

The call of Baba Ishak to revolt was followed by the Turkmen and the Turkish Khwarezmiyya from Aleppo and Antep . The uprising expanded and the Seljuk army was defeated near Elbistan and had to leave Sivas to the insurgents. After that, Amasya and Kayseri also fell into the hands of the insurgents. When they threatened the capital Konya , Sultan Kai Chosrau II had to leave the city. When Baba Ilyas was killed in the fortress of Amasya, the insurgents marched on Kırşehir . In the meantime the army of the Seljuks gathered and hired Frankish soldiers. In the Battle of Kırşehir, the army defeated the insurgents. In 1240 Baba Ishak was hanged in Amasya and many of his followers were executed. The Babai uprising had put the Rum Seljuks in great distress, so that a little later they had to surrender to the Mongols in the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243.

Consequences of the uprising

Despite the suppression of the uprising, the Babai movement was active for a long time. She took in people of different religions and merged them into one movement. The successors of Baba Ilyas spread across Anatolia and founded Tekkes to spread his views. These later influenced the pioneer of the Bektashi order, Haji Bektash . One of the caliphs (successors) of Baba Ilyas was the head of the Vefaiyye order named Edebali. He played an important role as a consultant and possible father-in-law of Osman I during the founding of the Ottoman Empire .

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