Jaw block

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Jaw block
Xylo.JPG

Cheekbones ( Xylosteus spinolae )

Systematics
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Family : Longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae)
Subfamily : Lepturinae
Genre : Xylosteus
Type : Jaw block
Scientific name
Xylosteus spinolae
Frivaldszky by Frivald , 1837

The bakery Bock ( Xylosteus spinolae ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). It is one of three species of its genus in Europe, and it is found primarily in southern Europe. In the German-speaking area, it can only be found in southern Carinthia , where it is, however, rare.

features

The jaw block reaches a body length of 14 to 16 millimeters. Its body is elongated and slender, the wing cover sides are almost parallel. The females are built a little wider than the males. The beetle is red-brown in color, with the top being darker than the bottom. The elytra each have four bright, yellowish spots.

The antennae are slightly longer than the body of the males, but do not reach the rear edge of the females.

distribution

The cheekbones are found in south-eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, as well as in Turkey and the Caucasus . It is a pontomediterranean fauna element. It has not been found in Germany, in Austria it can only be found in southern Carinthia (a single discovery was also made in Styria in 2013). From Turkey, in which the related species Xylosteus caucasicola occurs, there is only one old information in Albert Winkler's catalog (1932), so that the occurrence there is assessed as doubtful. The occurrence in the Caucasus also requires confirmation due to possible confusion with this species (this species was previously regarded as a subspecies of Xylosteus spinolae ).

Way of life

The billybuck lives mainly in damp forests. According to Klausnitzer et al. In 2018 it is a monophagous species that only uses the common hazel ( Corylus avellana ) in Carinthia , but the literature also includes the silver fir ( Abies alba ), the common spruce ( Picea abies ) and the common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) potential host species indicated.

The development of the larvae takes two years and takes place in saplings and dead lower trunk and root parts as well as in thick branches of the hazel. As a rule, the colonized plants are located on steep slopes exposed to the north with a high density of hazel, whereby cool and moist locations are preferred. The females lay their eggs in cracks of dead or damaged trunks, stumps and rhizomes. The larvae eat their way down into the wood from there in the direction of the rhizome. The larva hibernates in the wood for the first year of development, in the second year it pupates from August to September. The imago hatches out of the pupa in autumn, but hibernates in the pupa shell and does not leave the wood until the following spring through a round-oval drill hole. The fully grown animals can be found in the pupation caves from the end of September to October, but remain there for about 9 months until May.

Systematics

The billybuck is a separate species of the longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) and is classified there in the genus Xylosteus within the Lepturinae . The first scientific description comes from Imre Friváldszky von Friváld , who described it together with the genus in 1837. Within the subfamily, Xylosteus forms the tribe Xylosteini with about ten other genera, which, in addition to common characteristics of the larvae, are characterized by the roughly faceted complex eyes and the short head.

The beetle is named after the entomologist Count Massimiliano Spinola (1780–1857), who, in addition to beetles, mainly dealt with bugs and hymenoptera .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j "Species: Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldszky von Frivald 1837 - Backenbock." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: Die Bockkäfer Mitteleuropas . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 350-352
  2. ^ A b Karl Wilhelm Harde, František Severa: Der Kosmos Käferführer. The Central European beetle. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06959-1 ; P. 264.
  3. ↑ Xylosteus spinolae. Fauna Europaea, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Karl Adlbauer (2016): Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldsky, 1837 also in Styria (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Joannea Zoologie 15: 77-80.
  5. ↑ Hüseyin Özdikmen (2010): Longicorn beetles fauna of European Turkey: a revision to the list of Özdi̇kmen, 2008 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology 5 (Supplement): 924-944.
  6. ↑ ML Danilevsky: List of longhorn beetles (Cerambycoidea) of the former USSR . last updated 09.04.2019.
  7. ^ AI Miroshnikov (2009): A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Longicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of the Caucasus: 6. Notes on the Distribution of Some Species with New Data of Their Biology. Entomological Review 90 (9): 1159-1166.

literature

  • "Species: Xylosteus spinolae Frivaldszky von Frivald 1837 - Backenbock." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 350-352

Web links

Commons : Cheekbuck ( Xylosteus spinolae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files