Cocoseae
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| Mart. |
The Cocoseae are a tribe of the palm family (Arecaceae). Their characteristic feature are the three or more clearly recognizable germ pores in the endocarp of the fruit.
features
The representatives of the Cocoseae are dainty to stately, trunkless, upright or climbing palms. A crown shaft is missing. The leaves are pinnate or pinnately veined. The fold is reduplicate, the leaflets are pointed, lobed or torn at the end. The inflorescence is unisexual or bisexual, an ear or branched once or twice at most. The inflorescence carries a short cover sheet, which usually remains hidden in the leaf sheaths. The bract on the peduncle is usually much larger, often thick and woody ("spathe"). The flowers are on the surface of the flower-bearing axes, sometimes in pits. The petals of the female flowers are imbricated or fused. The staminodes are usually fused into a conspicuous ring. The fruits are very large in some representatives. They contain one or more seeds and are never lobed. The endocarp has three or more distinct pores.
distribution
The species of the tribe occur worldwide in the tropics. Their focus is on the New World , but some representatives are also Old World.
Systematics
The Cocoseae as defined by Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives ( Monophylum ) in most studies . Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae , as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae , or as a sister group of the Oranieae .
The Tribus is divided into three sub-tribes. All three are monophyletic . Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups.
Subtribe attaleinae
The representatives of the Attaleinae are unarmed, trunkless or upright, dainty to very large palms. The female flowers are not or only slightly sunk into the axis. The bract on the peduncle is woody.
- Beccariophoenix
- Jubaeopsis
- Voanioala
- Allagoptera
- Attalea
- Jelly Palms ( Butia )
- Coconut palm ( Cocos )
- Honey palm ( Jubaea )
- Lytocaryum
- Syagrus
- Parajubaea
Subtribe Bactridinae
The Bactridinae are armored palms in which some or all parts of the plant are covered with soft to stiff spines. Rarely ( Bactris ) are they unarmed, then the female flowers always have fused petals.
- Acrocomia
- Astrocaryum
- Prickly Palms ( Aiphanes )
- Bactris
- Desmoncus
Subtribe Elaeidinae
The Elaeidinae are unreinforced, medium-sized to large palm trees with the female flowers sunk deep into the axis. The leaf stalks are usually covered with fibrous spines. The bract on the peduncle is fibrous or more or less woody.
supporting documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 397ff.
