Baldred (Kent)
Baldred (also Baldredus, Baldræd, Baltred, Balred, Bealdred ) was king of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent from around 821 to around 825 .
Not only was Kent under the sovereignty of Mercias, but Sussex , Essex , Middlesex , Surrey and East Anglia were also under the direct control of the ruler Mercias. The only kingdom south of the Humber that could maintain its independence was Wessex . The circumstances of Baldred's accession to the throne are unknown, but the interruption of royal minting in Canterbury by anonymous coins suggests political uncertainty in East Kent. In Rochester , the capital of western Kent, coinage did not show such a turning point. After the death of King Cenwulf (796-821) of Mercia, who had also ruled Kent directly since 807, Baldred possibly came to power in Kent in 821. Perhaps Baldred was a usurper who ruled as the anti-king of Cenwulf's successor, Ceolwulf I of Mercien (821-823). Ceolwulf was overthrown in 823 by Beornwulf , a relative of Baldred's. Other historians believe that Baldred was likely to be installed as sub-king by Beornwulf in 823.
In 825 Egbert von Wessex defeated Beornwulf von Mercia at the Battle of Ellandun . His son Æthelwulf invaded Kent with a large part of the army and drove Baldred, who fled north across the Thames. After this victory, Kent , Surrey , the Kingdom of Sussex and the Kingdom of Essex submitted to the rule of Wessex; and East Anglia , which rose against the rule of Mercier, Egbert recognized as Overlord. Baldred then disappeared from the sources.
swell
- anonymous: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Online in Project Gutenberg (English)
- Charter S1438
literature
- Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1 .
- Philip Grierson , Mark Blackburn : Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th-10th centuries) , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007 (paperback), ISBN 978-0521031776 .
- Barbara Yorke : Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 . PDF (6.2 MB)
- William Hunt : Baldred (fl.823-825) . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 3: Baker - Beadon. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1885, p. 30 (English,, (partly outdated state of research)).
Web links
- Baldred 4 in Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE)
- Bealdred in Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
Individual evidence
- ^ Philip Grierson, Mark Blackburn : Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th-10th centuries) , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007 (paperback), ISBN 978-0521031776 , p. 283.
- ↑ Simon Keynes: Kings of Kent . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1 , pp. 501-502.
- ^ Richard North: The Origins of Beowulf: From Vergil to Wiglaf , Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-920661-2 , p. 282.
- ↑ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England , Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 122.
- ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 823
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Cenwulf |
King of Kent around 821 – around 825 |
Kent became a province of Wessex |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Baldred |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Baldredus; Valeræd; Baltred; Balred; Bealdred |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King in Kent |
DATE OF BIRTH | 8th century |
DATE OF DEATH | after 825 |