Kingdom of East Anglia

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The Kingdom of East Anglia in the early Anglo-Saxon period

The Kingdom of East Anglia or Kingdom of East Anglia was one of the long - lived Anglo - Saxon kingdoms of the heptarchy .

history

Archaeological finds show that the Civitas Venta Icenorum in Norfolk was one of the first areas of Britain to be settled by Anglo-Saxons as early as 450 AD. It is possible that Norfolk ("Northern People") and Suffolk ("Southern People") were initially independent kingdoms. The royal dynasty appears to have originated in Suffolk, where the royal seat of Rendlesham lay and burial places of high-ranking people have been found in Sutton Hoo and Snape . The early history of East Anglia is poorly documented. The first kings are Wehha , who died around 571, and his son Wuffa (around 571–578), the founder of the Wuffinger dynasty , whose family tree was traced back to Wodan . The first "historical" king was Rædwald (around 593 – around 625), who was recognized as a Bretwalda . East Anglia lost this supremacy to Northumbria after Raedwald's death .

Sigebert initiated the Christianization of East Anglia around 630 and brought the missionary Felix as the first bishop to Dommoc (probably Dunwich ). In the 640s, East Anglia was beset by Penda and became increasingly dependent on Mercia . In 825 Egbert von Wessex gained dominance over Mercia and its vassal state East Anglia. Since the 840s, the Vikings went on forays and wintered in East Anglia in 865/866 and 869/870. The last Anglo-Saxon king, Edmund , fell in battle against the Vikings in 869/870, was buried in Bury St. Edmunds and later canonized. Since 879, Danes settled under their king Guthrum .

Despite the Danish settlement, the Danelag hardly left any traces in the form of place names. The church structures, however, dissolved: The dioceses of Elmham and Dunwich remained vacant and the monasteries were given up. In 917, the Anglo-Saxons under Edward the Elder recaptured East Anglia at the Battle of Tempsford , which became the Earldom (county) in the Kingdom of England .

Kings of East Anglia

Surname from to note
Wehha 6th century ~ 571 first king of East Anglia
Woofah ~ 571 578
Tyttla ~ 578 593/599
Rædwald ~ 593/599 at 625
Eorpwald at 625 627/628
Ricbert ~ 628 630/631
Sigebert 630/631 at 637 Saint
Ecgric at 637 at 640
Anna at 640 654
Æthelhere 654 655
Æthelwald 655 664
Ealdwulf 663/664 713
Ælfwald 713 749
Hun 749 ?
Beorna 749 around 760
Æthelberht I. 749 ? (also Alberht)
Æthelred I. around 760 around 780
Æthelberht II. around 780 793/794 Saint
- 794 796 to Mercia
Eadwald 796 around 800
- around 800 827 to Mercia
Æthelstan 827 around 845
Æthelweard around 845 855
Edmund 855 870 Saint
Æthelred II. around 875
Oswald around 875
- around 880 917 Danish sub-kings
- 917 - to Wessex

literature

  • Henry Royston Loyn, Keith Wade:  East Anglia. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 6, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1986, ISBN 3-11-010468-7 , pp. 322–328.
  • DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings. Revised Edition. Routledge, London 2000.
  • Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, Donald Scragg (Eds.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd updated edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester 2014, ISBN 978-0470656327 .

Remarks

  1. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of East Anglia. In: Michael Lapidge et al. a. (Ed.): The Blackwell Enzyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Chichester 2014, pp. 158–160, here p. 158.
  2. ↑ Jim Bradbury: Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge, London a. a. 2004, ISBN 0-415-22126-9 , p. 139.
  3. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of East Anglia. In: Michael Lapidge et al. a. (Ed.): The Blackwell Enzyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Chichester 2014, pp. 158–160, here p. 159.
  4. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of East Anglia. In: Michael Lapidge et al. a. (Ed.): The Blackwell Enzyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Chichester 2014, pp. 158–160, here p. 159.
  5. ^ Nicholas J. Higham: The Kingdom of East Anglia. In: Michael Lapidge et al. a. (Ed.): The Blackwell Enzyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Chichester 2014, pp. 158–160, here p. 160.