Banda Oriental

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Banda Oriental (Spanish for Eastern shore was) in the Spanish colonial era today Uruguay called. During the Argentine War of Independence, José Gervasio Artigas formed the Provincia Oriental ( Eastern Province ) of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata between 1813 and 1817 . This territory was east of the Uruguay River with its estuary and north of the Río de la Plata . The area encompassed a zone which today roughly corresponds in shape to the current Republica Oriental del Uruguay (Republic east of the Uruguay River) and part of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . It was the easternmost country of the viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata .

17th century

From 1600 the Spanish occupied the south and the Portuguese the north of the country. The first permanent settlement of the Spaniards was established in 1624 on the Rio Negro near Soriano . Brazilian colonists established branches on the Rio de la Plata between 1680 and 1683. At the beginning of the 17th century, the inhabitants of Asunción in Paraguay spoke of the Banda Oriental or the land of the Charrúas , (this last name was also applied to Entre Ríos ). This was the name of territories whose inhabitants gave the Atlantic the name "North Sea". The northern area of ​​the Banda Oriental was named after a guaranic original word: Mbiazá, Ybiazá or Ibiazá. These designations changed as they approached the Spanish language in the meaning of "edge, side" (La Vera). In the north of these territories stretched the areas of the Guayrá or Pinería, which today form the Brazilian south of Paraná. These parts of the country were under the jurisdiction of Asunción.

At the end of the 17th century, La Vera or Ibiazá corresponded to the present-day coasts of Santa Catarina and the present-day state of Paraná , while in the south they spoke directly of the Banda Oriental (including the so-called Campaña del Río Grande de San Pedro - in the Portuguese version: região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul). In 1618, the Banda Oriental was added to the rule of the government of Río de la Plata. In 1750, the government of Montevideo introduced jurisdiction in the districts of the south of what is now Uruguay. The remaining territories of today's Uruguay and parts of the current Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul retained part of the administration that came from Buenos Aires . By the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 this region was separated from the Portuguese-ruled northern part and completely taken over into the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata.

Boundaries after the Seven Years' War

At the end of the Seven Years War , the borders with the territories occupied by the Brazilians changed almost constantly. The borders of the Banda Oriental were at this time in the northeast of the Piratiny river to its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean and in the north the mountain range of Santa Ana. (The course of the border is shown incorrectly in the maps of the 20th and the beginning of the XXIth century. The border lines that were established at important summits in the “divortium acuarum” and the areas between the Cuenca del Plata (silver basin) and concern the basin of the direct tributaries to the Atlantic.). The fortress of Santa Tecla, a few kilometers northwest of the current city of Bagé , which was named Valles (valleys) by the Spaniards, Argentines and Uruguayans in the 19th century, lies directly in the headwaters of the Río Negro . It was one of the precise boundaries of the Banda Oriental. After that, the Banda Oriental in the north was included in the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. The demarcation with the Portuguese possessions in Brazil took place through the aforementioned "divortium acuarum", so that the western half of today's state of Rio Grande del Sur was part of the Banda Oriental and also the province of Misiones . Some of the fortified towns near the border in said region were: Batovy, Santa María, Cruz Alta and Guardia de San Martín.

The boundaries during the Viceroyalty Río de la Plata

Within the viceroyalty Río de la Plata, the northern borders of the Banda Oriental were adapted to the respective circumstances. At certain times the Rio Negro formed the southern border of the militarized province of the Las Misiones, which was ruled by Montevideo and thus by the Banda Oriental. The area extended to the bottom of the Ibicuy River and its upper reaches, the Rio Santa Maria. To the north of this border were the eastern missions or the so-called Los Siete Pueblos (the seven peoples), Las Once Estancias (the eleven large farms) or the Tapé.

Since independence

General José Gervasio Artigas led the struggle for freedom against Spanish rule from 1810 to 1815. He formed the Provincia Oriental from the Banda Oriental in 1815 within the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (today's Argentina ). Thereafter, Artigas challenged the historical borders, including the Misiones Orientales (Eastern Missions) set out in the Treaty of St. Ildefonso. The province, weakened by the war, was annexed by Brazil in 1821 on the pretext of restoring order. The "Provincia Cisplatina" was created under Brazilian rule. The group of the Thirty-three Orientals , led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja (1784-1853), began in 1825 with the help of the United Provinces to fight for independence from Brazil. On August 25, 1828, the Banda Oriental achieved internationally recognized statehood as the Estado Oriental , so that it became independent not only from Brazil, but now also from the United Provinces. In 1830 the republic was proclaimed, which was also recognized by Argentina and Brazil. The Banda Oriental was the last Spanish colony on American soil.

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