Basal stimulation

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Basal stimulation (from basal = "fundamental and without preconditions", and Latin stimulatio = "incentive, stimulation") is a therapeutic concept and means the activation of the areas of perception and the stimulation of primary body and movement experiences as well as offers to develop an individual non-verbal form of communication (Communication) in people whose personal activity is restricted due to their lack of mobility and whose ability to perceive and communicate is significantly impaired, e.g. B. severely multiply impaired people, traumatic brain traumatized people with hemiplegic ,apallic or comatose syndrome as well as geriatric patients and the dying. The simplest possible way of trying to establish contact with these people in order to give them access to their surroundings and their fellow human beings and to experience quality of life .

The basal stimulation was developed and published by the special educator and special educational psychologist Andreas D. Fröhlich from 1975 as part of a school trial for severely disabled children and is now a trademark protected term. It is expressly understood as an educational concept and not as a therapeutic technique. While Fröhlich developed the concept for the area of special education , the concept was transferred to the nursing area by Christel Bienstein in collaboration with Fröhlich and taken up by the German professional association for nursing professions .

Funding basics

  1. Rhythmization of the active times and rest periods
  2. Creation of suitable living and learning spaces
  3. Organization of interaction offers and opportunities
  4. Building personal relationships
  5. Participation in everyday activities

Among other things, experiences such as feeling your own body (skin as a contact point to the outside world), feeling your own position in space (coordination) and getting to know your own interior (e.g. the muscles ) through somatic, vestibular (sense of balance) and vibratory stimuli given.

These basic sensory areas are created intrauterine.

Concrete examples

In the care or nursing care, perceptual experiences are offered that follow on from prenatal experiences and serve as a basis for further development.

In addition, five senses are addressed ( sight , hearing , taste , touch , smell ).

  • Singing, humming, a water bed with a powerful loudspeaker underneath, different music in the room, sound and rhythm instruments playing above or next to the body; if possible, use a mallet for people or let the vibration of an instrument feel for themselves.
  • Different, colored light emitting, also moving lighting fixtures above the bedstead or visible to humans in the space around them.
  • Mobiles and water games in the room.
  • Ball bed, swings, wheelchair.
  • Massages of all types and strengths with the most varied of methods, oils, objects, earth and plants.
  • Stimulation by changing position, also in rooms with people and outdoors.
  • Exercise in the swimming pool and whirlpool with various carrying and play equipment.
  • Make food intake attractive and pleasant, if possible.
  • Rhythm that recognisably repeats itself over the course of the day.
  • Accompany activities with language, including storytelling.
  • Stimulation by touching (stroking) animals in animal-assisted therapy .

Any personal activity that is possible is supported, as well as any approach that acts like a reaction, an answer or creates a mutual cooperation. “Play, curiosity and exploration activities” can be observed in people who were previously apparently completely inactive.

Basal stimulation should be meaningfully integrated into everyday life (e.g. support maintenance, basal action stories ). It must not be imposed; instead, the current state of mind of the person must be taken into account and the offer must be adapted accordingly.

literature

  • Christel Bienstein , Andreas D. Fröhlich : Basal stimulation in care. Federal Association for the Physically Disabled and Multiple Disabilities V.
  • Thomas Buchholz, Ansgar Schürenberg: Basal Stimulation ® in the care of the elderly. Suggestions for accompanying life. [Under scientific supervision by Andreas Fröhlich and Christel Bienstein]. 3rd, revised and expanded edition, Huber, Bern 2009, ISBN 978-3-456-84564-7 (1st, 2003, and 2nd edition under the title: Life companionship for old people ).
  • Axel Enke: Basal Stimulation ®. In: Eberhard Aulbert, Friedemann Nauck, Lukas Radbruch (eds.): Textbook of palliative medicine. Schattauer, Stuttgart (1997) 3rd, updated edition 2012, ISBN 978-3-7945-2666-6 , pp. 966-970.
  • Andreas Fröhlich: Basal stimulation . Self-determined life publishing house, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-910095-11-9 (4th edition 2003).
  • Andreas Fröhlich: Basal stimulation . The concept. Self-determined life publishing house, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-910095-31-3 .
  • Dieter Niehoff; Heinrich Greving (Ed.): Basal stimulation and communication (with CD-ROM ). In: Methods in curative education and curative education care . 2nd edition, Bildungsverlag EINS Troisdorf 2007 (first edition 2003), ISBN 978-3-427-04863-3 .
  • Peter Nydal, Gabriele Bartoszek: Basal stimulation (new ways in intensive care). 3. Edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich / Jena 2003.
  • Peter Nydal, Gabriele Bartoszek (Ed.): Basal stimulation . New ways in the care of the seriously ill [under scientific supervision by Christel Bienstein and Andreas Fröhlich]. 5th edition, Urban & Fischer in Elsevier, Munich / Jena 2008, ISBN 978-3-437-26502-0 .
  • L. Pickenhain: Basal stimulation. Publishing house self-determined life. Düsseldorf 2000.
  • Birgit Werner: Concept Analysis - Basal Stimulation . 2nd edition, Huber, Bern / Göttingen / Toronto / Seattle 2002, ISBN 3-456-83857-3 (1st edition 2001 under the title: "Basal stimulation in care" ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fröhlich, 2003, p. 257