Bathymodiolinae

Bathymodiolinae
Gigantidas tangaroa
Systematics
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata Subclass : Pteriomorphia Order : Mytilida Superfamily : Mytiloidea Family : Blue mussels (Mytilidae) Subfamily : Bathymodiolinae
Scientific name
Bathymodiolinae
Kenk & Wilson , 1985

Bathymodiolus thermophilus

The Bathymodiolinae , also called "deep-sea mussels", are a subfamily of the mussels from the order of the Mytilida .

features

The housings with the same flaps are small to very large. They are rounded wedge-shaped in outline (called mytiliform). They are strongly unequal, with vertebrae sitting near the front end of the case. The lock is usually without teeth, an anterior dysodontic figure may be present. Small teeth in front of and behind the ligament are still developed on the juvenile valves. The ligament lies behind the vertebra. The posterior byssus retractor muscle is divided in two and produces two separate muscle impressions. The posterior and anterior sphincter muscles are roughly triangular and relatively large.

The shell is usually thin and fragile or brittle. Most of the time the surface is smooth, with the exception of strips of growth. The periostracum is thin, smooth or pulled out into hairs.

The animals are of separate sex. The gills are filibranch (i.e. the individual filaments of the comb-shaped gills are not fused with each other, but only connected by cilia ), the inner and outer halves of the pinna are roughly the same length. They are thick and fleshy and filled with symbiotic bacteria. They contain chemoautrophic, sulfur-oxidizing and / or methanophilic bacteria . The mouth lobes are short. The stomach is comparatively small. The bowel is very short and straight, or with a very short loop, very likely an adjustment to the diet. The rectum is enclosed by the ventricle of the heart. The eggs are small and the larvae have a very long planktotrophic phase.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The species of the subfamily Bathymodiolinae have been found in abyssal sea ​​areas almost all over the world . There they colonize whale carcasses, sunken wood and coconuts and sunken kelp as well as hydrothermal springs (e.g. black smokers ) and so-called cold seas , submarine discharge points for hydrocarbons and other minerals. There they live in symbiosis with chemoautotrophic , sulfur-oxidizing bacteria , but also with methanophilic bacteria. In some species, both types of bacteria are present. The short intestine and the small stomach indicate that the filtering lifestyle is of secondary importance. Long drawn out palps in some species rather indicate that food particles are collected with these palps.

Taxonomy

The subfamily Bathymodiolinae was proposed in 1985 by Vida Carmen Kenk and Barry R. Wilson. At that time it was still monotypical. Today a whole series of older genera are assigned to the subfamily or a whole series of new genera have been set up in the subfamily.

• Subfamily Bathymodiolinae Kenk & Wilson, 1985
  • Adipicola Dautzenberg , 1927
  • Bathymodiolus Kenk & Wilson, 1985
  • Benthomodiolus Dell, 1987
  • Gigantidas by Cosel & Marshall, 2003
  • Idas Jeffreys , 1876
  • Lignomodiolus Thubaut et al., 2013 (noun nudum)
  • Nypamodiolus Thubaut et al., 2013 (noun nudum)
  • Tamu Gustafson, Turner, Lutz & Vrijenhoek, 1998
    • Tamu fisheri Gustafson, Turner, Lutz & Vrijenhoek, 1998
  • Terua Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
    • Terua arcuatilis (Dell, 1995)
    • Terua crypt Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
    • Terua pacifica Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
  • Vulcanidas by Cosel & Marshall, 2010

supporting documents

literature

• Eugene V. Coan, Paul Valentich Scott, Frank R. Bernard: Bivalve Seashells of Western North America. Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 2012 ISBN 0-936494-30-1 , p. 141.
• Richard G. Gustafson, Ruth D. Turner, Richard A. Lutz, Robert C. Vrijenhoek: A new genus and five new species of mussels (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) from deep-sea sulfide / hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Malacologia, 40 (1-2): 63-112, Ann Arbor 1998 online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Individual evidence

1. Jump up ↑ Vida Carmen Kenk & Barry R. Wilson: A new mussel (Bivalvia, Mytilida) from hydrothermal vents in the Galapagos rift zone. Malacologia, 26 (1-2): 253-271, 1985 online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org
2. ↑ MolluscaBase: Bathymodiolinae Kenk & Wilson, 1985
3. ↑ ^{a b} Justine Thubaut, Nicolas Puillandre, Baptiste Faure, Corinne Cruaud, Sarah Samadi: The Contrasted evolutionary fates of deep-sea chemosynthetic mussels (Bivalvia, Bathymodiolinae). Ecology and Evolution, 3 (14): 4748-4766, 2013 doi : 10.1002 / ece3.749

Web links

Commons : Bathymodiolinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files