Bayenthal belt 2
| Villa Stollwerck | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Data | |
| place | Bayenthalgürtel 2, Cologne-Marienburg , Germany |
| architect | Bruno Schmitz |
| Client | Heinrich Stollwerck |
| Construction year | 1902-1904 |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 54 '25.3 " N , 6 ° 58' 35.7" E |
The Villa Stollwerck on Bayenthalgürtel 2 in Cologne-Marienburg , also called Bismarckburg , was a residential building of the chocolate manufacturer Heinrich Stollwerck and belonged to the Cologne-Marienburg villa colony .
history
In honor of the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , who died a few years earlier , Heinrich Stollwerck had the villa, which he also called Bismarckburg, built in "medieval, predominantly Staufer forms" on the banks of the Rhine in Cologne from 1902 to 1904, based on designs by Bruno Schmitz . Heinrich Stollwerck's widow sold the villa to Ottmar E. Strauss in 1917 . He and his partner Otto Wolff had earned a fortune in the armaments industry before and during the First World War .
Strauss was a Jew. As early as April 1, 1933, SA men broke into the villa and forced Strauss to issue a cashier's check for 50,000 Reichsmarks. Strauss, in fact deprived of an orderly economic activity, was forced to transfer his shares in the Otto Wolff company and numerous properties, including the Villa Stollwerck, to his previous partner, also due to his excessive debt. Strauss had the Villa Stollwerck "demonstratively" demolished in 1935 before emigrating to Switzerland a year later . The previous stable and servants' house was initially retained and was demolished in the 1950s after severe war damage. The former plot of land of the villa was rebuilt with a residential complex in 1958/59.
description
The castle-like character of the villa was created through the construction of the main side view and the cladding of the facades with rusticated cuboids made of gray-yellow Heilbronn sandstone and tuff . The side facing the Rhine showed a picturesque pergola . The base was made of basalt. The garden fronts showed oak timber framing. On the first floor, around the hall, there was a drawing room, two drawing rooms, the master's room, the library, the dining room and the smoking room. Upstairs there were six living rooms and bedrooms. The construction costs amounted to 460,000 marks .
There was some similarity between Arnold Hartmann's Bismarckian column, inaugurated in 1904 in the immediate vicinity of the Stollwerck property, and the villa: The Stollwerck villa had a tower and roof battlements and, as a gable figure on its main facade, showed a stylized image of Bismarck in medieval armor, which refers to the " Adoration [of the owner] for the first Chancellor of the German Empire ”. The relief was created by the Wroclaw sculptor Christian Behrens . Just a few years after its construction, the villa was mentioned as a sight in combination with the Bismarck column in Baedeker .
Bismarck celebrations
Under its first owner, Villa Stollwerck was the scene of a Bismarck celebration every year, at which an actor had to appear as Bismarck's ghost and recite from the speeches of the deceased. Despite their enthusiasm for Bismarck, Heinrich Stollwerck and other residents evidently protested against the custom of illuminating the Bismarck column with burning oil during the official Bismarck celebration, and it was ensured that the column was connected to gas so that the villa residents and their guests could no longer get through Smoke and stench were bothered.
literature
- Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb . (= Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 8.) 2 volumes, JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7616-1147-1 . Volume I, pp. 136-139.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb. Volume I, p. 137
- ↑ a b The architecture of the XX. Century, magazine for modern architecture , year 1905, plate 90 - reprinted in: Peter Haiko: Die Architektur des XX. Century - magazine for modern architecture. Representative cross-section through the 14 published years 1901 to 1914 . Ernst Wasmuth, Tübingen 1989, ISBN 3-8030-3039-0 . No. 190.
- ↑ http://www.brueckenhof.de/virt_museum/historie/uebersicht.php?schub=Ottmar%20E.%20Strauss%201878%20-%201940 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was created automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wolfram Hagspiel: Marienburg. A Cologne villa district and its architectural development. (with photographs by Hans-Georg Esch) JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7616-2012-0 , p. 197.
- ↑ According to Werner Rügemer , the new owner Otto Wolff had the building demolished, see Werner Rügemer: Ottmar Strauss was a Jew. The Bismarckian Column or: How the house of the richest Cologne man disappeared , NRhZ-Online , August 18, 2010; According to another source, the demolition did not take place until 1939, see Sascha Widdig: Stollwerck: Chocolate from Cologne. Sutton, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-283-2 , p. 18; limited preview in Google Book search
- ^ Fritz Baedeker (ed.): The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance. Baedeker, Leipzig 1906, p. 53.
- ↑ http://www.skv-koeln.de/aktuell/artikel.php?id=1013 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
