Cologne-Marienburg villa colony

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The Cologne-Marienburg villa colony is a villa colony in Cologne . It essentially extends over what is now the Marienburg district .

History of origin

For a long time Marienburg was an exclusively agricultural part in the south of Cologne. According to the "Cöllner Schweid " by Abraham Hogenberg , development did not begin in the area until after 1609. In 1782, the Cologne councilor Johann Wilhelm Joseph Huybens laid out a 20-acre “English park” on the old Alteburg naval fort . On April 6, 1813, Peter Joseph Prengrulier sold the "Gut Alte Burg" (An der Alteburger Mühle 6) to Ludwig Böcking and defined the 184 Prussian acre area as a windmill - the tower torso of which is still preserved today - residential house, farm building and arable land . Böcking set up the first industrial operation here, a lime distillery, but sold the area to the businessman Paul Josef Hagen in January 1845. Already in October 1843 he had acquired adjoining properties including the hill “Galgenberg” from an auction and built the Marienburg manor on it, after which the district is named.

Founding period

Marienburg Manor 1893

The Cologne entrepreneur Ernst Leybold is said to have become aware of the Marienburg and its surroundings while taking a walk in 1867. Together with Adolph Davignon, a councilor from Leipzig, he acquired an area of ​​around 60 hectares (20 acres of park and 240 acres of fields) with a manor house and the Marienburg estate in February 1868 . Both were able to purchase the area cheaply from the Sal. Oppenheim bank . Leybold took over Davignon's shares in 1871. While Leybold moved into the manor himself in 1874, he parceled out the free land and sold it to wealthy interested parties. However, his speculative real estate business increasingly strained his economic situation, so that in 1879 he founded the "Actiengesellschaft Marienburg-Cöln", which dealt with the "Marienburg" project. For financial reasons, Leybold had to lease the Marienburg estate in 1880 and move into a rented apartment in Cologne. In 1880, together with Rudolf Schulz, he founded the real estate company “Leybold & Cie”. At the end of 1891 he transferred his Marienburg property to Leybold & Cie. emerged "Kölnische Immobilien-Gesellschaft AG".

The expansion of the villa suburb accelerated after it was incorporated into Cologne on April 1, 1888 , as a result of which the road construction passed into the hands of the city and in 1896 Camillo Sitte suggested a uniform development plan with transport links. His development plan for Marienburg (1: 2880) is characteristic of Sitte's urban design principles a few years before his death. The explanatory report and plan (signed by Siegfried Sitte) were only published after Sitte's death. Sitte's plan was implemented by city ​​architect Josef Stübben . In September 1867 there was a contract with John Moore for the construction of the Alteburg waterworks.

Development

Lindenallee 1 - BFBS Germany (1972)
Lindenallee 3 - Villa Feinhals (1911)
Lindenallee 7 - Villa Neuerburg (former Polish Consulate General)

The development of Marienburg began around 1895 and was largely completed by 1925. This means that over a period of around 30 years in a large number of palatial buildings, the development of architecture from the outgoing historicism to Art Nouveau , Expressionism and modernism can be followed. The architects include numerous non- residents , such as Joseph Maria Olbrich , Paul Bonatz , Bruno Paul and Otto March, as well as Cologne-based architects such as Dominikus Böhm , Franz Brantzky , Hanns Koerfer , Theodor Merrill , Carl Moritz , Paul Pott , Wilhelm Riphahn and the office Schreiterer & Below . Pott and Merrill were the most important architects of Marienburg. This concentrated arrangement of outstanding villa architecture resulted in a residential development which, in this compactness, can only be found in the Berlin and Munich suburbs in Germany. The villa area in Marienburg is still today a residential area characterized by magnificent buildings from the turn of the century with extensive gardens, avenues and parks. The Marienburg villas have always been seen as a total work of art, because they were embedded in a large garden, wall paintings inside and often with furniture that was individually designed for the house.

The development with representative villas for the "Cologne nobility" - wealthy families of the upper class - took place in particular in the Lindenalle and the adjacent Parkstrasse and has earned Marienburg the nickname "villa suburb" as one of the most exclusive and important villa districts in Germany. Only Berlin-Grunewald and Grünwald near Munich are comparable . The district is one of the best preserved areas of the city of Cologne, because it was largely spared from destruction during the war - unlike the other city areas. The settlement was carried out in the open construction method with villas and palatial, stately residences along curved and straight streets.

In Marienburg, street names were clearly given with romanticizing intentions, especially in the villa streets Lindenallee, Parkstrasse and Unter den Ulmen. These and other streets developed into a villa colony of wealthy Cologne industrialists and bankers, especially during the Wilhelminian era .

Lindenallee, Parkstrasse or Unter den Ulmen - these and other streets developed around 1900 into residential quarters for wealthy Cologne industrialists and bankers .

Buildings (selection)

Lindenallee 15 - Villa Langen (1907)
Lindenallee 23 - Villa Lietzmann (1905)
Lindenallee 43 - Villa Welter
Parkstrasse 61 - Villa Tietz (1909)
Under the elms 154 - Villa Schmeltzer
Bayenthal Belt 2 - Villa Heinrich Stollwerck (1909)

Avenue of lime trees

Lindenallee leads east-west between Bonner Straße and ends after 1168 meters at a roundabout, where it continues in 490 meters long Parkstraße.

  • Lindenallee 1: Theodor Merrill built this villa in 1924 for consul Johannes Denker, who set up the consulate of Argentina here. After the war damage to the roof on October 24, 1944, a simplified reconstruction took place from 1953. The British military broadcaster BFBS Germany moved in here on February 1, 1954. No. 1 housed the administration and the technical warehouse of the BFBS.
  • Lindenallee 3: Josef Feinhals lived here in a magnificent villa with Doric colonnades, completed in 1909 by Joseph Maria Olbrich (house), Max Laeuger (garden) and Bruno Paul (interior design), Olbrich's most mature achievement; after his death in 1908, the house was completed by Paul. Destroyed by bombing in 1943, then rebuilt as "Villa Dyckhoff" in 1949 by Hanns Koerfer and replaced in 1980 by a residential complex.
  • Lindenallee 7 : "Villa Neuerburg", built in 1925 by Emil Felix as a Rhenish mansion for the tobacco manufacturer Heinrich Neuerburg . Between January 1962 and February 1979 the headquarters of Deutschlandfunk , then Polish embassy and until December 2013 Polish consulate general.
  • Lindenallee 11: Karl Freisler built the "Villa Langen" in 1907 for the factory owner Gustav Langen, which was rebuilt after war damage and became a renovated part of today's "Lindenpalais". In September 1973, the German Association of Cities moved into a terrace structure designed by Joachim and Margot Schürmann on the 1.3 hectare Lindenallee 13-15 area . After moving to the Gereonshaus in March 2011, nine modern city villas with 69 apartments (including 24 rental apartments) were built in Lindenallee 11-17 with the “Lindenpalais”. With 380 m² of living space, the former "Villa Langen" is the largest residential unit.
  • Lindenallee 23: Villa Lietzmann, built in 1902 by Schreiterer & Below for the factory owner Udo Lietzmann, who died shortly afterwards and was destroyed in the war on March 2, 1945. In 1952, the property became the property of the Federal Property Administration , which built a villa here that was used by Deutschlandfunk until 1980. The former Federal President Walter Scheel moved in here with his wife Mildred Scheel , who was born nearby on Schillingsrotter Platz. The Scheel family lived here until 1989.
  • Lindenallee 43: Stephan Mattar built the villa in 1912 for lawyer Dietrich Welter, badly damaged in 1945, rebuilt in 1951.
  • Lindenallee 47: House of the industrialist Max Clouth (1873–1951), built in 1915 by Paul Pott; now Albert Freiherr von Oppenheim , Cologne's richest citizen. In order to be able to distinguish the widely ramified bank shareholders, they were divided into the “Lindenallee trunk” (Oppenheim) and the “ Schlenderhan trunk” (Ullmann).
  • Lindenallee 51 : The villa, inaugurated in 1928, was probably the last building of historicism in Cologne as a “palace” in the late Baroque style.
  • Lindenallee 55: Villa of the general manager Arthur Schütte ( 4711 ), built in 1923 by Paul Pott.
  • Lindenallee 70 : Villa of the banker Anton Paul Brüning , built in 1925 by Emil Felix , from 1938 Felix Brenninkmeyer from the Brenninkmeijer family lived here , from March 1945 converted into an American city command, from 1945 Embassy of Canada .

Parkstrasse

  • Parkstrasse 5 : built in 1914 by Paul Pott for the Cologne publisher Josef Neven DuMont , Iranian embassy from 1959 and state-owned by Iran, secret service activities are said to have originated here since 1984 at the latest.
  • Parkstrasse 8 : built in 1915 by Paul Pott for the manufacturer Wilhelm Auerbach.
  • Parkstrasse 10: built in 1914 by Paul Pott in an English country house style for the Cologne lawyer Selmar Auerbach.
  • Parkstrasse 20 : built in 1925 by Paul Pott for Willy Bleissem . Between 1950 and 2000 it housed the residence of the Ambassador of Brazil .
  • Parkstrasse 55 : former “Gutshof Marienburg”, built in 1844/1845 for the entrepreneur Paul Joseph Hagen, sold to Heinrich Schütte in April 1906, acquired on November 22, 1922 by Robert Gerling .
  • Parkstrasse 61: " Villa Tietz " built around 1909 for the department store owner Leonhard Tietz , inhabited by the consul Gustav Valentin Roosen's family after his escape in 1940, burned down to the foundation walls on October 24, 1944. From February 1954 it housed the BFBS studios, record archive and broadcast technology until October 1990.

Pferdmengesstrasse

Under the elms

Others

  • Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 144: “Palais Oppenheim”, built in 1908 by Charles Mewès for banker Emil Freiherr von Oppenheim for 2 million marks; a castle-like rococo building with a curved flight of stairs, a view of the Rhine and a ballroom; used by the Rheinische Musikschule between May 1945 and 1959 , then by the ADAC until 1982 , and since 2009 the villa has been rented for events. The previous building was built in 1847 for manufacturer Paul Josef Hagen (BAMAG) and was closed before 1908. Since 2013, the listed palace with 87 luxury apartments has been renovated, and the villa itself is divided into 8 luxury apartments as the “Palais du Rhin”.
  • Oberländer Ufer 208 : a villa built in 1912 by Heinrich Müller-Erkelenz for Heinrich Bales.
  • Bayenthal belt 2 : "Villa Stollwerck" for the chocolate manufacturer Heinrich Stollwerck completed by Bruno Schmitz in 1904, put down in 1939.
  • Bayenthal Belt 15 : Villa Schröder for the Cologne banker Heinrich Schröder, built in 1907 by Eugen Fabricius.
  • Goltsteinstraße 250: "Villa Pferdmenges" of Konrad Adenauer's financial advisor , Robert Pferdmenges (a famous tea hour with Adenauer took place here on February 27, 1948).
  • Goethestrasse 66 : Villa completed by Theodor Merrill in 1924 for the respective general managers of the Cologne Reinsurance Company . From 1949 residence of the Swiss legation (from 1957 embassy), which moved to Berlin in 1999 and transferred the building to private ownership.
  • Goethestrasse 67: built in 1923 by Paul Bonatz for Johann David Herstatt, whose son Iwan David Herstatt lived here until his death; Renovated several times for the last time until September 2007, after 1990 Friedrich Carl Janssen moved in here (former personally liable partner of the Cologne bank Sal. Oppenheim ).
  • Marienburger Straße 15: Villa Leybold built in 1879 for Ernst Leybold, destroyed in the war.
  • Marienburger Strasse 43 : completed in 1926 by Schreiterer & Below; By 1954 at the latest, the Mexican embassy moved here , and in 1974 Mexico acquired the villa from the city of Cologne. In 2001, after the embassy moved to Berlin, the building went into private ownership.
  • Rondorfer Straße 9 : built in 1924 by Theodor Merrill for Hans Werner Schmidt; the embassy of the Republic of India moved in here by 1952 at the latest, and in 1977 the villa was demolished.
  • Am Südpark 47 : Villa completed in 1924 by the architect Ferdinand Goetz for the banker Paul Seligman, which from December 1949 served as the residence of the ambassador of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , who acquired the property in 1954 and transferred it to private ownership in 1999 due to the move to Berlin.

See also

literature

  • Wolfram Hagspiel : Marienburg. A residential area in Cologne and its architectural development , with photographs by Hans-Georg Esch. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7616-2012-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hiltrud Kier / Wolfgang Hagspiel / Dorothea Heiermann / Ulrich Krings: Stadtspuren: Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 8, 1996, p. 59
  2. ^ Wolfram Hagspiel , Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb , in: Hiltrud Klier , Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln, Volume 8, 1996, p. 587
  3. ↑ Kölnischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.), Yearbook , Volumes 52-53, 1981, p. 135
  4. ↑ Hiltrud Kier / Wolfram Hagspiel / Dorothea Heiermann / Ulrich Krings, Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 1-Volume 8, 1996, p. XVIII
  5. ^ Camillo Sitte / Vienna University of Technology - Institute for Urban Development, Spatial Planning and Regional Planning (ed.), Series of publications , Volume 19, 1973, o. P.
  6. ^ Marion Werner, From Adolf-Hitler-Platz to Ebertplatz , 2008, p. 275
  7. ↑ Ulrich Viehöfer, Die Influential: Henkel, Otto & Co. , 2007, p. 239

Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 52 "  N , 6 ° 58 ′ 39.2"  E