Marienburg (Cologne, villa)
The Marienburg is a villa in the Marienburg district of Cologne , which was built in 1844/45 and was given its current appearance during renovations in 1891/92 and 1906/07. It is eponymous and was the starting point for the development of this district and villa suburb . The Marienburg stands as a monument under monument protection .
location
The Marienburg (address: Parkstraße 55) is located in the extreme southeast of the district at a good 57 m above sea level. A hill measuring NHN in the middle of a 52,000 m² park, which extends from the military ring road in the southeast to the park road in the northwest, around 180 m from the banks of the Rhine (Oberländer Ufer).
history
Marienburg country estate
The Marienburg, initially known as the "Landsitz Marienburg", was built in 1844/45 as a classicist country or mansion for the builder Paul Joseph Hagen (1800–1868), a merchant, ship tester and land speculator, according to a stylistic attribution based on a design by his friend Architect and former master builder Johann Peter Weyer (1794–1864). It was located on the site of a hill facing the Rhine, the former gallows hill of the municipality of Rondorf , which Paul Joseph Hagen and the surrounding arable land had acquired in October 1843 at an auction for 2,700 thalers from the parish council of Rodenkirchen . The property comprised three parcels totaling 43 acres , 236 rods and 59 feet . Associated with the purchase was the obligation to “build structures of at least 4000 Thaler” within one year. ”Together with the Marienburg, Hagen had a farm yard or arable land intended for leasing built, which is located in today's area of Parkstrasse / Unter den Ulmen / Kastanienallee was located with the Ulmenallee as the access to the courtyard and included economic buildings, a tenant apartment, a bakery , a blacksmith's shop and adjacent tree and vegetable gardens in the area. The garden architect Jacob Greiß (1800-1853), head of the botanical garden and municipal gardening director, was entrusted with the planning of the gardens and parks .
In terms of town history , the Marienburg is one of a small number of stately country houses that were built in the 1830s and 1840s outside the still existing medieval city wall of Cologne in a scenic location - during the romantic era of the Rhine . In the course of the construction boom at the time, Paul Joseph Hagen, as one of the most important real estate agents and land speculators in the city, worked closely with the banker Wilhelm Ludwig Deichmann and with Johann Peter Weyer after his retirement as a city architect (1843/44) to handle real estate transactions . The Marienburg was modeled on the New Pavilion (1824/25) in Berlin-Charlottenburg and had a surrounding balustrade in the roof area as a characteristic feature . The reason for the naming of the country house was Hagens daughter (Anna) Maria (Jacobie Adelaide), probably in conjunction with the also belonging to it and situated in Malbork Good old castle .
In 1849, due to the collapse of the Cologne property speculation, Paul Joseph Hagen was forced to sell the Marienburg estate along with most of the surrounding lands. The new owner was the Sal. Oppenheim bank , which had the estate managed by an economist. In February 1868 Ernst Leybold (1824–1907), a merchant from Rothenburg ob der Tauber , together with his friend and business partner Adolph Davignon, who came from Frankenhausen in Thuringia , acquired the then vacant Marienburg from the Sal. Oppenheim bank, including a 20-acre park 60 hectares of fields (reaching as far as Bonner Strasse). Leybold is said to have become aware of the Marienburg and its surroundings during a walk, probably in the year before the acquisition. Thereupon he decided to plan the construction of a villa colony as a suburb with the advantages of urban life and rural surroundings, which should extend to the outskirts of Rodenkirchen. Through the acquisition of 80 more parcels , which came about through the mediation of an economist living on Gut Alteburg, Leybold received a corresponding area. In 1871 he became the sole owner of the Marienburg with the purchase of the shares in Avignon. An extensive renovation followed, after which Leybold moved in with his family in 1874.
Marienburg as a restoration company
Around 1879 Ernst Leybold moved back to Cologne due to little progress in the realization of his villa colony project and the long journey to the city, which proved to be difficult. The Marienburg found a new use as a gastronomic business, which also hosted concerts , developed into one of the most popular places for excursions in Cologne and, from 1879, was also accessible via a newly built horse-drawn tram and a paddle steamer . The owner of the Marienburg was no longer Ernst Leybold, but a real estate company that owned proportionally and changed names and legal forms : initially the "Immobiliengesellschaft Marienburg" (1876–1879), the "Aktiengesellschaft Marienburg-Cologne" (from 1879) and later the "Kölnische Immobilien-Gesellschaft" (from 1892). The farm buildings belonging to the original Marienburg farm were largely destroyed by further development of the district by 1886 (completely until 1907/08). In 1890 the narrow path leading from the Rhine to the villa was paved.
Around 1890 the Marienburg was partially destroyed in a fire, after which it was rebuilt in 1891/92 according to plans by the architect Josef Crones (1848–1934), who was preferred by the Marienburg-Köln company. It took on a palace-like shape, exceeded the previous villa by one storey, including a gable-crowned central axis, and while retaining details such as the ashlar plaster , new ones were added, including tower-like corner bay windows on the Rhine side and renaissance decorations on the central axis. As evidenced by an advertisement on the Rhine side in large letters, the Marienburg now served as a "Hotel-Pension", for which single-storey wing structures and a large ballroom and a concert hall in the center of the park were built on both sides of the previous villa . The hotel complex also had a children's playground , carousels and swings, which were at times the starting point for a fair . In 1898 the north side of the villa was expanded to include an elongated kitchen extension.
Villa Schütte
In April 1906 the Kölnische Immobilien-Gesellschaft sold the Marienburg and the surrounding park for 590,000 marks to the manufacturer Heinrich Schütte, the owner of the company Alfred H. Schütte , who had previously been based in Bonn . He then had it rebuilt and expanded further in the direction of a castle and one of the largest villas in Cologne according to plans by the Bonn architect and royal building officer Anton Wingen. The changes were based on the example of French architecture: two-storey mansard - roofed wings were added to the core structure on both sides , which were designed with decorative shapes from the Baroque and Empire periods . The core building received newly added decorations, windows and a revised gable; the interior contained numerous halls and drawing rooms . The execution of the stucco decorations on the exterior and interior was taken over by the Cologne company Hans Hunzinger ("sculptors, stucco and facade designs "). The entrance to the house was now on Parkstrasse. In the course of this expanding reconstruction of the Marienburg, an enclosure facing Parkstrasse including a wrought-iron gate and a fountain set up in front of it ( see below ) and a coach house with stables as well as apartments for coachmen and gardeners and a complex of greenhouses including a rose garden were built in front of Parkstrasse 61 . Heinrich Schütte's further building measures, which were implemented in 1906/07, included the construction of a baroque, “festive” staircase with balustrades and terraces as a new entrance to the villa.
Villa Gerling
After the end of the First World War , Marienburg was confiscated in 1918 by the British occupying forces , who claimed it for their commander-in-chief . In the course of the hyperinflation at the beginning of the 1920s , Heinrich Schütte sold the property on November 22, 1922 for 41 million marks to Robert Gerling , General Manager of the Gerling Group, who, however, was not yet able to use it due to the confiscation. After this ended in 1926, the Marienburg was thoroughly renovated and slightly rebuilt as a private domicile for Gerling and his family. The conversions were carried out by the Cologne company H. Pallenberg according to their own designs, which included the removal of almost all Empire decorations and their replacement with clay-tone interior fittings in the style of the German Renaissance . After Gerling's death (1935), the villa remained in the family's possession, after the emigration or the absence of their sons due to their participation in the Second World War , from 1942/43 only Hans Gerling (1915–1991 ) was left with his own family.
During the bombing raids on Cologne in the Allied air war , the Marienburg was hit by an incendiary bomb - the park was hit by a few more - the top floor was destroyed and later not restored. After the end of the war, American occupation troops took over the villa for a few weeks and stole the furniture that was still there. Hans Gerling then moved in again with his wife, who began to restore and expand the building: in 1952 the ground floor was renovated, the bedrooms in 1954, an elevator was installed in 1956 and an indoor swimming pool on the hillside below the old terrace in 1960 (architects : Hanns Koerfer , Hans Menne and Horst Mattow). In 1968 the roof area was finally redesigned and given the side spiers that had been destroyed in the war and a balustrade based on the original villa. In 1969 a glass pavilion of around 100 m² was built on the west side. The interior of the private rooms was in the style of the 1960s and also included a collection of modern art.
Hans Gerling's son Rolf (* 1954) also grew up on the Marienburg. After the death of Hans Gerling and his wife (1990/91), after a complete renovation, the villa has been used since 1992 as a management school and “corporate home” of the Gerling Group with the former coach house as a 25-room guest house and is occasionally used by the public Events provided. The Marienburg was entered in the monuments list of the city of Cologne on January 4, 1991.
Fountain
In front of the main entrance to the Marienburg there is a fountain that Heinrich Schütte had built in 1906/07 as the owner of the villa at the time. In its center it shows two seated and two standing unclothed children's figures ( putti ), for which Schuette's daughters were probably models. The fountain is designed in the form of a so-called bowl fountain, which goes back to antiquity , in which the water - pumped up in a pipe - flows into a small bowl, from which the fountain basin is filled. It has been a listed building since July 1, 1980.
literature
- Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb. (= Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln , Volume 8.) 2 volumes, JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7616-1147-1 , Volume 1, pp. XVII – XX, 584–595.
- Wolfram Hagspiel: Marienburg. A Cologne villa district and its architectural development. (with photographs by Hans-Georg Esch) JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7616-2012-0 , pp. 24–31.
- Rolf Gerling (ed.): The Marienburg. Life and spirit of a home . Gerling Akademie Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-932425-37-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments of the city of Cologne, number A 5860
- ↑ formerly Ulmenallee
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb. (= City tracks, monuments in Cologne , volume 8.)
- ↑ a b Wolfram Hagspiel: Marienburg. A Cologne villa district and its architectural development.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Rolf Gerling (Ed.): The Marienburg. Life and spirit of a home
- ↑ Still committed to discretion , Kölner Stadtanzeiger, August 8, 2011
- ↑ List of monuments of the city of Cologne, number A 219
Coordinates: 50 ° 54 '1.5 " N , 6 ° 58' 53.4" E