Parkstrasse 5 (Cologne)

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Villa Parkstrasse 5 (2015)

The Villa Park Road 5 is under monument protection standing monument in Cologne district of Marienburg and belongs to the villa colony Cologne-Marienburg . It was created in 1913 and 1914 for the Cologne publisher Josef Neven DuMont (1857–1915) based on a design by the architect Paul Pott . Since 1958, the property has been used by the state of Iran or related institutions .

history

Originally the "P. Kyll Machine Factory" was located on the area of ​​the villa and the surrounding park . After the production site was relocated from Marienburg to Sürth in 1908 , the newspaper publisher, Secret Commerce Councilor Dr. jur. Josef August Hubert Neven DuMont the area including all superstructures and the Kyll'schen factory owner's villa (Oberländer Ufer 170). While the "Café Restaurant Rheineck" was operated here from 1910 after its renovation, DuMont had the factory buildings demolished and the Parkstrasse, which previously ended at Marienburger Strasse, was extended to the north over the previous factory premises. This created three new building plots on the west side of Parkstrasse , for which Paul Pott also designed the development ( Parkstrasse 2: Villa Franz Ott (1924); Parkstrasse 8 : Villa Wilhelm Auerbach (1914/1915) and Parkstrasse 10 : Villa Selmar Auerbach (1913/1914)). The east side, on the other hand, with a street front of 103 meters, at a depth of 48 meters, was reserved for Neven DuMont himself. The site is a good four meters higher than street level on the Oberland bank below, which ensured a clear view of the Rhine. Of the old buildings, however, Neven DuMont continued to use the remise of the former Kyll's villa on the Oberländer Ufer on the current Oberländer Ufer 166 site. The garden was based on a not fully implemented design (1912) by the Cologne horticultural director Fritz Encke .

Josef Neven DuMont died one year after the completion of his villa. He died on October 31, 1915 in Marienburg from the injuries he suffered on October 20, 1915 in a car accident on the way to his publishing house in Breitestr. 76/78. His widow, Anna, b. Mahler continued to live in the villa. Later it came into the possession of the son August Philipp Christian Neven DuMont (1887–1965) , who continued the publishing house after the death of his father and together with his uncle Alfred Neven DuMont . Since 1935/1936 then took advantage of local group Bayenthal the NSDAP the villa, but was unchanged in the ownership of August Neven DuMont. In 1938 he had the area divided into three building plots. In 1939 the GAG carried out a partial renovation for the NSDAP. Destruction that occurred during the Second World War , especially in the western part of the south wing and probably also on the north wing, was largely repaired before the end of the war. Nevertheless, the property remained unused after the end of the war.

After Bonn became the seat of government of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 , numerous states and their embassies settled in Marienburg, which had remained largely undamaged . After the establishment of diplomatic relations with Iran in June 1951, its embassy (from June 1955 embassy ) first moved into two buildings in succession in the Rodenkirchen district ( Uferstrasse 29 and Hebbelstrasse 6), then in 1958 the Villa Neven DuMont as the seat of the Imperial Iranian Embassy. It was home to both the office and the residence of the embassy, ​​the residence of the ambassador. In September 1961, around 500 Iranian students occupied the embassy building for several hours to demonstrate against the forced return of two compatriots studying in the USA to Iran through confiscation of their passports and to denounce the political repression in their home country. 1973/74 the office of the embassy was relocated to Bonn; the villa then continued to serve as the embassy residence until at least 1978. After the Islamic Revolution (1979), the property now belongs to the "Bonyad-e Mostazafan va janbazan-e Enghelab Eslami" (Revolutionary Foundation for the Disadvantaged and War Veterans). In addition to various minor structural changes ( colored glazing , fencing , relief over the hall windows, balustrade over the portico and the porch), the complicated ownership structure in particular contributes to the fact that part of the property is not in the best possible condition. Encke's garden planning has completely disappeared today and had to give way to a tree-lined meadow.

The villa was entered in the city ​​of Cologne's list of monuments on December 9, 1988 (monument no. 4767).

architecture

The Villa Neven DuMont is one of the main works of the 30-year-old architect Paul Pott at the time the draft was drawn up (1912). From 1908 he designed, sponsored by the American dentist Herwey Cotton Merrill (1862–1953), who lived in Marienburg , for the south of the The garden suburb of Marienburg in Cologne's old and new town has numerous villas, preferably in an English country house style. But he pays homage to the Neven DuMont estate, which has a very strong affinity with Villa Ahn ( Leyboldstrasse 42-44 ) than any other, to the »Queen Elisabeth Style«, the English Renaissance architecture shaped by Italian, Dutch and medieval influences .

The three-wing ensemble, consisting of the two-story “mansion” in the south, with an attached gardener's house and greenhouse and a single -story “ garage and chauffeur house ” in the north, which are connected via the also single -story “ garden pavilion ”, shows details such as gable , Bay windows and chimneys . The building is completed at the top by a high hipped roof . The centrally arranged ground floor hall , which extends over the entire depth of the main house, is wood-paneled and richly stuccoed . Today it is used as a mosque . The rooms around them, such as the salon , master's room , dining room , breakfast and tea room, as well as the other rooms, are equipped with ceiling paneling and stucco, parquet floors , built-in display cabinets and - in the fireplace room - with a richly designed, marble-framed fireplace .

Iran house

After the Imperial Iranian Embassy moved to Bonn (1973/75), Villa Parkstrasse 5 remained in the possession of the state. After the Islamic Revolution (1979) at the latest, it was taken over by the influential Bonyad -e Mostazafan va Janbazan Foundation (“Foundation of the Oppressed and Sacrifice”), which functions as the second largest company in Iran and is close to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard . During and after the Iran-Iraq war , the property was used to accommodate and treat those wounded in this war and temporarily (as of 1993) other Iranian citizens who were in the Federal Republic of Germany for treatment. It was also used for events by the “Union of Islamic Student Associations in Europe” and other Shiite organizations. Since then the villa has been known as the “Iran House”.

A newspaper report in August 1987 announced that the Iran House had been used intensively by the Iranian secret service VEVAK (until 1984 SAVAMA) for several years . According to this report, which was initially unconfirmed by the official authorities, it was said to have played a leading role in the conduct of terrorist actions in Europe, including the murder of General Ali Oveisi in Paris (1984) and the attempted murder of a former Iranian minister in London (1987). In 1993, the Iran House was still an important location for the Iranian intelligence service. Until recently, the mosque in the villa was used as the so-called “Khans Iran” by a local Islamic organization for the performance of prayers.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Parkstrasse 5 (Cologne)  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne. Marienburg. Buildings and architects of a villa suburb.
  2. ↑ to tim-online.nrw.de
  3. ↑ a b Wolfram Hagspiel: Marienburg. A Cologne villa district and its architectural development.
  4. ↑ Encke planning on architekturmuseum.ub.tu-berlin.de accessed on February 11, 2013
  5. ↑ Stadtanzeiger for Kölnische Zeitung No. 509 of November 2, 1915
  6. ↑ Ulrich S. Soénius, Jürgen Wilhelm (Ed.): Kölner Personenlexikon.
  7. ↑ Hiltrud Kier, Karen Lieserfeld, Horst Matzerath (eds.): Architecture of the 30s / 40s in Cologne. Materials on building history under National Socialism.
  8. ↑ Philipp Rock: Power, Markets and Moral: on the role of human rights in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the sixties and seventies (= European university publications. Series 3: History and their auxiliary sciences , vol. 1070), Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-59705-7 , p. 188. (also dissertation Humboldt University Berlin, 2009)
  9. ↑ Foreign Office (ed.): List of diplomatic missions and other representations in Bonn (status: October 1978)
  10. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Cologne, number A 4767
  11. ↑ Ground floor plan by Pott (1912) from architekturmuseum.ub.tu-berlin.de, accessed on February 11, 2013
  12. ↑ a b Answer of the Federal Government to the small question of the MPs Ingrid Köppe and the group BÜNDNIS 90 / DIE GRÜNEN (PDF file; 303 kB) , German Bundestag , 12th electoral period, printed matter 12/4441, March 1, 1993
  13. ↑ Cologne, Parkstrasse 5: Das Haus des Terrors , stern , No. 33/87, August 6, 1987
  14. ↑ Secret report. Mullahs want revenge on Bonn. Focus No. 3/1993 at www.focus.de accessed on February 11, 2013
  15. ↑ Masoud Jannat: Iranian refugees in German exile. Problems of a relegation situation. Dissertation, Philipps-Universität Marburg 2005, p. 161ff (PDF file; 1.6 MB), accessed on February 11, 2013

Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 12.5 ″  N , 6 ° 58 ′ 47.7 ″  E