Fritz Encke

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Friedrich August Ernst "Fritz" Encke (born April 5, 1861 in Oberstedten , † March 12, 1931 in Herborn ) was a German horticultural architect , royal horticultural director and municipal gardening director who designed numerous parks and squares, especially in Cologne .

Life

Encke was the youngest of six children of the Protestant clergyman ( dean ) Johann Friedrich Encke (1817–1903) and his wife Luise, b. Morell (1823-1892). He learned gardening in Julius Fischer's commercial gardening shop in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , was a volunteer in the English Garden in Homburg from 1879 to 1880 and studied between 1880 and 1882 at the Royal Gardening College at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam . There he became a member of the student union Technischer Bund Burschentag . From 1883 to 1890 he worked for private gardeners in Erfurt , Chester ( England ) and Berlin . During this time he also worked in the municipal garden administration for a year. From 1890 to 1903 he worked as a teacher for garden art at the gardening school Wildpark, where he campaigned for the reform of garden art. For his services as a teacher, he was in 1897 for the Royal Garden Inspector , 1899 for the Royal Horticultural Director appointed.

In Cologne he worked from April 1, 1903 to October 1, 1926 as the successor to the acting gardening director Hermann Robert Jung , who had replaced Adolf Kowallek in 1902. From 1908 to 1913 he was chairman of the German Society for Garden Art . His first horticultural project was in 1904 with the design of a 230-meter-long pedunculate oak hedge that surrounds the Bismarck Tower in the Neustadt-Süd .

Fritz Encke was the father of the evangelical clergyman Hans Encke , as well as of the horticultural manager Walter Encke, who was shot by Soviet soldiers on May 1, 1945 while trying to protect his wife in his own home, and of the horticultural writer Fritz Encke . He also adopted the two children of his brother Philipp, who died early and was married to a sister of his wife: Lutz (born 1896) and Clara (born 1899) Encke.

Works

During his time in Cologne, he shaped the face of Cologne's green spaces and public gardens such as the Vorgebirgsplatz , the Blücherpark , Friedenspark (formerly: Hindenburgpark), Beethovenpark , Klettenbergpark , Fritz-Encke-Volkspark , Vorgebirgspark , Humboldtpark and the Rheinpark ( "Rheinvolkspark"; in its holdings until 1945). He participated in the urban forest expansion. From 1910 to 1914 the 13 hectare foothills park with a regularly formed sunken garden was created. It was the first Cologne park in which Encke implemented the demands for sports and play facilities. An expansion of the Cologne Zoo in 1913 also took place under his direction. In addition, he designed numerous Cologne squares, which he subdivided into a play area and a decorative area (grounds or flower gardens) as multifunctional city squares, such as Manderscheider Platz in Sülz or Lindenthaler Lortzingplatz, and gave ideas for designing the square around the Bismarck Tower in Bayenthal .

"Social green" in Cologne's Blücherpark: on the right a pond, in the middle a flower arrangement, on the left the large "Volkswiese"

Fritz Encke pursued the idea of ​​“social green” in the big city early on in his works , which was only applied elsewhere after the First World War . Its green city squares, especially in the suburbs, were designed to be multifunctional. He divided them into playgrounds and ornamental gardens, which should replace the domestic garden for the residents of the tenement houses. In his parks he pursued the idea of ​​the “people's park” with a variety of uses for the population - flower arrangements, architecture and space for sports in a park area. After the First World War, with the support of Konrad Adenauer, together with the Hamburg city planner Fritz Schumacher, he got the opportunity to work on the expansion of the Cologne fortress rings into green belts . From 1919 to 1925, the rose garden of the city of Cologne was laid out in Fort X of the inner fortress ring according to plans by Fritz Encke. Since 2008 it has been part of the Hilde-Domin-Park on Neusser Wall. In 1918 he added the scale of Adolf Kowallek green area on the delivered today Ebertplatz (formerly German court ) to Bastion running Theodor-Heuss-Ring ( German ring ).

Outside Cologne, Fritz Encke was involved in the design of the Rudolph-Wilde-Park and the Viktoria-Luise-Platz in Berlin-Schöneberg , as well as in the development of the Bavarian Quarter there .

Honors

In 1931 the Agricultural University Berlin awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2001 the city of Potsdam named a street after him: Fritz-Encke-Straße . Cologne honored its gardening director in 2002 by renaming the "Volkspark Raderthal", one of its important gardens, to Fritz-Encke-Volkspark .

Fonts

literature

in alphabetical order

  • Jutta Curtius: A look through Fritz Encke's glasses . In: Rheinische Heimatpflege . 55th year, no. 4 , 2018, ISSN  0342-1805 , p. 257-268 .
  • Jutta Curtius: "You shouldn't forget it." 100 years Peace Park Cologne Fritz Encke (1861–1931) . In: The garden art . tape 26 , no. 1 , 2014, ISSN  0935-0519 , p. 73-88 .
  • Jutta Curtius: 1000 roses for Birlinghoven Castle . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Hrsg.): Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland . 31st year, no. 1 , 2014, ISSN  0177-2619 , p. 6-13 .
  • Walter Encke : Fritz Encke . In: Rheinische Heimatpflege. 42nd vol., H. 1, 2005, pp. 28-34.
  • Alexander Hess: Fritz Encke's green city squares in Cologne . In: Rheinische Heimatpflege. 38th vol., H. 4, 2001, pp. 282-288.
  • Ralf Krüger and Cord Panning: The Schelploh Park. A previously unknown garden monument by Fritz Encke and Leberecht Migge . In: Die Gartenkunst 3, Heft 2, 1991, pp. 307-318.
  • Heinz Wiegand: The development of garden art and urban green in Germany between 1890 and 1925 using the example of Fritz Encke's work. TU Hannover, Faculty for Horticulture and Regional Culture, Dissertation, Hannover 1975.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinz Wiegand: Development of urban green in Germany between 1890 and 1925 using the example of Fritz Encke's work. ( History of urban greenery , edited by Dieter Hennebo, Vol. II). Patzer Verlag, Berlin and Hanover 1977, p. 149. As well as the Encke family archive, Martfeld, z. BEB: Fritz Encke on his 60th birthday , 1921, oA, p. 1.
  2. ↑ Erich Hopfe (Ed.): Bund Burschentag: Directory of former members. Issue January 1939, Beelitz (Mark) 1939, p. 3 No. 21.
  3. ↑ Noyan Dinçkal, Sports Landscapes : Sport, Space and (Mass) Culture in Germany 1880–1930 , p. 48.
  4. ↑ Localanzeiger, Cologne, July 5, 1914, No. 183: After the city council resolution of July 21, 1910, the system began. However, this had to be paused afterwards, as not all of the required land was yet in municipal ownership (pending expropriation proceedings).
  5. ^ Henriette Meynen: The Cologne green spaces. The urban development and garden architecture development of urban greenery and Fritz Schumacher's green system (= contributions to architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland, volume 25), Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-590-29025-2 , p. 164.
  6. ↑ Die Wacht am Rhein , The Bismarck Column in Cologne
personal data
SURNAME Encke, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Encke, Friedrich August Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German horticultural architect and royal horticultural director
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberstedten
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1931
Place of death Herborn