Bavarian railway signals
The Bavarian Railway Signals were own railway signals of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (K.bay.Sts.B.). After the incorporation of the Bavarian railways into the Deutsche Reichsbahn they were successively replaced by signals of the standard types. Bavarian main signals were in operation at Deutsche Bahn (DB AG) until 2002, Bavarian turnout signals even longer.
Distant signal
In the area of the former K.bay.Sts.B. The Bavarian pre- signal was used even after the unification of the Reichsbahn from 1924 to the mid-1960s .
The picture on the right shows the Bavarian distant signal. In the warning position it shows a round disk. The disc had a diagonally arranged folding mechanism in the middle. When changing from the warning position (Vr 0) to the driving position (Vr 101 or 102), the two pane halves flipped over to the rear so that a signal wing pointing upwards to the right appeared in their place. As this mechanism was reminiscent of the flapping of a butterfly's wings, the Bavarian distant signal was called the “butterfly signal”. Until 1922 the disk was green with a white border and a white point in the middle, then orange with a white border. The signal wing and the signal mast were also green and white until 1922, then red and white.
One advantage over the standard advance signal of the Reichsbahn was that it displayed a clearly visible signal aspect in every position. Therefore there was no need for a distant signal board . This was only reluctantly retrofitted by the Reichsbahn from 1936 onwards. After the Second World War, however, advance signals could still be found in Bavaria without a warning sign.
Due to its design, the Bavarian pre-signal could also be attached to the mast of a main form signal, so that, for example, the combination “expect slow travel, travel or slow travel” (Hp 2, Vr 102) was displayed on the same mast with three signal wings. In this case, the color screen of the pre-signal was mechanically blocked when the main signal stopped, and in some cases even the mechanics of the wing disc.
From 1922 the night signal of the Bavarian distant signal corresponded to that of Vr 0 and Vr 1. Until 1922, a green light was shown in the warning position at night, in the driving position the green cover was folded away and a white signal light appeared. It is also interesting that the Bavarian distant signal only knew two signal aspects. Warning position always meant expecting a halt . In the beginning, only a distant signal was set up if the main signal could not be seen within the braking distance.
Main signal
The Bavarian main signals differed from the signals based on the Reichsbahn design by the shape of the signal wings. With Reichsbahn signals the tip of the signal wing is circular, with Bavarian signals it is diamond-shaped (see illustration).
The second wing also had a slightly different shape. The round disc at the end was shifted slightly towards the mast, so that the rest of the wing outline at the end protruded slightly over the disc. The slow speed disc was used as the predecessor of the second wing, which was folded away to the side as required (round disc in green / white until around 1880).
The signal wings were available in two designs: as a perforated, lattice-like wing or completely made of sheet metal in enamel . The mast was made of two iron profiles ( Zoresis iron ), with the step irons being installed parallel to the track.
Until 1922, the color scheme of the night signal was as exotic as the distant signal:
- Free travel : white light
- Slow travel : white light, including a green light
- Stop : red light
In the original version, the colored disc for the night signal of the stop was arranged in the middle of the signal wing.
The train was free to travel towards the train with a green light (since 1876) on the signal lantern - in the case of multi-leaf signals, the top lantern was displayed. A white light was used from 1893 to circa 1922.
Free travel into a branching track was indicated for the two-wing main signal from 1893 to 1922 by a white light and a green light vertically below it. From 1948 onwards, the green colored disc of the aperture device on the second wing was exchanged for a yellow one.
Some of the wings were curved backwards at the top, which should enable nighttime lighting through the signal lantern.
During the conversion between 1922 and 1936, the night sign for the concept of slow driving consisted of two green points of light.
Rest signal
The Bavarian rest signal is a Bavarian main signal with an additional signal aspect, which signals rest . It was used in Bavaria from 1893 to 1975. It was the last signal from the Länderbahn era that was included in the Deutsche Bundesbahn's signal book . It is a one- or two- wing shape signal that takes on the function of an exit signal and supplements this with an additional signal concept of rest (HpRu). The term rest describes that the train traffic rests on the assigned track, but shunting movements are allowed. If the wing was brought into the basic position (stop), the associated track had to be cleared immediately. The signal concept of rest was indicated by a downward pointing signal wing, in the dark by a blue dimmed light. The Deutsche Reichsbahn marked the signal with an additional sign with the inscription Ru in order to be able to distinguish it from a normal main signal. The signal wings of the quiescent signal corresponded to the Bavarian main signals in minimally different dimensions.
For those familiar with today's rail traffic, the meaning of this signaling is difficult to convey. During the development there was often a separate guard signal box for each station head, or there were manual turnout areas that were served by outside turnout keepers. The signal concept of rest was used to signal to the turnout and shunting units that they “can do what they want” on the assigned track. However, no tracks were allowed to be touched if the associated signal shows a different term.
Track blocking signal
The Bavarian track blocking signal is, so to speak, "the mother of all blocking signals". The round signal lantern has a white round frosted glass pane towards the train, which has a black horizontal bar in the middle. Contrary to the later Reichsbahn unit design, the black bar was not twisted at that time, but the entire lantern on the foundation was rotated by 90 ° so that the driver could see the side of the lantern. The side of the signal lantern had an almost square frosted glass window. During the night the signal body was illuminated from the inside.
Platform signal
Platform signals were from the Königlich Bayer. State railways introduced around 1876 and used until around 1900, when they were replaced by the new entry and exit signals. The signal got its name because it was placed in the middle directly on the house platform (at the time also called "Perron") in front of the station building or station building. The trains did not have to stop directly at the signal.
In the beginning there were only two signal aspects:
HALT = horizontal signal wing (day). Red light (night sign)
Passage permitted = signal wing pointing upwards at an angle of 45 ° (day). Green light (night sign).
From 1893 the signal image " rest stop" was introduced. Meaning: Train traffic is idle, shunting is allowed. Vertically hanging signal wing (day). Blue light (night sign).
Signal wing design: Spoon-shaped signal arm, color red with a white end piece, in contrast to the normal main signal, which had the colors red with white central longitudinal stripes and a diamond-shaped head. Both wing designs had vertical slots to reduce wind forces. The material was painted sheet metal with a frame. Later signal wings of the K.Bay.Sts.B. were made without slots and enamelled.
There were platform signals with one and two wings. The two-wing design applied to both directions of travel, the wing pointing to the right was decisive
literature
- Robert Zintl: Go ahead. Bavarian signals and signal boxes . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-87943-585-5 .
- Robert Zintl: Bavarian branch lines. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-87943-531-6 .
- Magazin für Eisenbahnfreunde DREHSCHEIBE, Issue 162 (2002): Bavarian form main signals are finally eradicated.
- Magazine for railway enthusiasts DREHSCHEIBE, issue 175 (2003): Signal = rarities = cabinet 69: turnout signals.
- Bernhard Ücker: Terminus 1920, The History of the Royal Bavarian State Railways. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-7991-5704-2 .
- Stefan Carstens: Signals 2 - Signal aspects, arrangement and designs, main and distant signals, signal connections. (= MIBA report). 2nd Edition. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89610-236-2 .
- Stefan Carstens: Signals 1 - The development of signaling from the optical telegraph to the Ks signal. (= MIBA report). 2006, ISBN 3-89610-234-6 .
Web links
- Overview of Bavarian signals at bahnstatistik.de (PDF; 406 kB)
- Prototype: Railway signals, section Bavaria
Individual evidence
- ↑ bahnstatistik.de ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
