Belgianism
Belgisms (also known as Belgisms ) are words that are typically used in Belgium , but not in the rest of the three Belgian national languages ( Dutch , French , German ).
Belgicisms in the Dutch language
Many Dutch Belgicisms are loan words or literally translated terms from French (also called Gallicisms ). There are also some words that are considered outdated or puristic in the Netherlands .
Belgicisms in the French language
Belgicisms specific to the standard French language in Belgium, e.g. In Belgium, for example, there is a phonetic difference in the pronunciation of masculine and feminine adjective forms ( i.e. <aimé> = [ ɛˈme ] and <aimée> = [ ɛˈmeː ]). The differences are evident on all levels of linguistics (syntax, morphology, phonology, etc.).
The numbers 70 and 90 are named differently than in the standard French language, 70 = soixante-dix becomes septante and 90 = quatre-vingt dix becomes nonante . However, since these numerals are also used in French-speaking Switzerland as well as the French-Canadian areas and in regional dialects, it is not classic Belgianism.
Belgicisms in the German language
The vocabulary of the German-speaking population in East Belgium is rich in Belgicisms. More than 2500 typical Belgian words were identified here, a large part of which can be classified as colloquial or dialectal. But there are also Belgicisms in the standard language, for example in German legal and administrative terminology in Belgium. These often arose from recourse to foreign words and borrowings from Dutch or French.
Examples of Belgicisms in German:
- recommended price → recommended price
- present → present
- Fry → takeaway
- I'm cold → I'm cold (is also a Helvetism )
- Mazout → heating oil
- Militia compulsory → military service
- Parking → parking lot
- Study Exchange → Scholarship
- Traffic tax → vehicle tax
There are also a number of false friends in Belgian German, for example:
| Belgianism | meaning | Similar to the West German |
|---|---|---|
| Facilities | Language facilitation | Facility (granting of a credit line) |
| garage | Auto repair shop | Garage (parking space for cars) |
| candidacy | Two to three year first stage of study at universities | Candidacy (application for a mandate) |
| Aldermen | Mayor's deputy | Lay judge (honorary judge) |
The corresponding Swiss peculiarities in the German language are referred to as Helvetisms , those in Austria as Austrianzisms . There is no generally accepted term for the peculiarities that are restricted to Germany ; the terms “ Teutonism ”, “Germanyism” and “Federal Germanism” are used and controversially discussed in specialist linguistic literature .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Belgischer Rundfunk: Why our German is different , November 26, 2015
- ^ Hans Goebl, Peter H. Nelde, Zdenek Stary, Wolfgang Wölck: Kontaktlinguistik / Contact Linguistics / Linguistique de contact . 1997 ( google preview ).
- ↑ Tomas Sommadossi: German legal language in the German-speaking community. In: Diatopic Variation in German Legal Language 2013 ( google preview ).