Mountain wren

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Mountain wren
Thryorchilus browni -Costa Rica-8.jpg

Mountain wren ( Thryorchilus browni )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Thryorchilus
Type : Mountain wren
Scientific name of the  genus
Thryorchilus
Oberholser , 1904
Scientific name of the  species
Thryorchilus browni
( Bangs , 1902)

The Mountain Wren ( Thryorchilus browni ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) located in Panama and Costa Rica is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The mountain wren reaches a body length of about 10 cm and a weight of 14 g. The reins and the over-eye stripes are conspicuously gray-white. The stripe behind the eyes is gorgeous chocolate brown. The cheeks and the area behind the ear covers are gray-white with narrow black borders. The crown of the head and the top are strong maroon, some feathers in the middle of the front back with a hidden white center. The outer hand wings have white hems, the rest and the arm wings have a dark brown to reddish brown line pattern. The throat and chest are gray-white, the belly is speckled gray-white, the rear abdominal area is dull brown. The flanks and rump are reddish brown. The eyes are brown, the upper bill is dull black, the lower bill flesh-colored. The legs are matt light brown. Both sexes are similar. Young animals are gray on the underside, have tight gray-black seams on the breast and belly feathers. This gives them a flaky appearance. The facial markings are not as noticeable as in adult birds.

Behavior and nutrition

The mountain wren feeds on spiders, caterpillars and small insects. It looks for its food in the lower strata close to the ground , but occasionally flutters to peck prey from the underside of leaves. It often crawls along branches covered with moss.

Vocalizations

The song of the mountain wren consists of half a dozen raspy warbling tones that last two to three seconds. The process is usually quick and numerous. It sounds very unusual for a wren. In addition, he utters a rough churr of himself.

Reproduction

Little research has been done into its breeding biology. The breeding season of the mountain wren in Costa Rica lasts from late April to June. The nest is a ball with a side entrance. For construction he uses bamboo leaves lined with finer plant fibers. He attaches this one to three meters above the ground in the bamboo or undergrowth. The clutch consists of two white eggs, which are completely covered with many light brown spots. So far, no data are available on the incubation period and the time until the nestlings fledge.

distribution and habitat

The mountain wren prefers the upper tree line in the páramo or sub-páramo. He is often out and about in bamboo thickets, but also within isolated bush spots in a protected environment. It usually moves at altitudes of 2800 to 3600 meters. It can occur locally up to 2200 meters.

migration

It is believed that the mountain wren is a resident bird . However, it could be that he is hiking at high altitudes.

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical . Other authorities such as the Handbook of the Birds of the World see two further subspecies in Thryorchilus browni basultoi Ridgway , 1908 and Thryorchilus browni ridgwayi Bangs , 1906.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the mountain wren was in 1902 by Outram Bangs under the scientific name Troglodytes browni . The type specimen came from the Volcán de Chiriqui and was collected by Wilmot Wood Brown Jr. (1868-1953). It was not until 1904 that Harry Church Oberholser introduced the genus Thryorchilus, which was new to science . This name is derived from "thryon θρυον " for "reeds, rushes" and "orkhilos ορχιλος " for "wren". The species name is dedicated to the collector of the type specimen . "Basultoi" honors Francisco Ladislao Basulto , "Ridgwayi" the ornithologist Robert Ridgway.

literature

  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Timberline Wren (Thryorchilus browni) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Outram Bangs: On a second collection of birds made in Chrique, By WW Brown Jr. In: Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club . tape 3 , 1902, pp. 15-70 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 19 , 1906, pp. 101-112 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: Diagnoses of some new forms of neotropical birds . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 21 , 1908, pp. 191-195 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Harry Church Oberholser: A review of the wrens of the genus Troglodytes . In: Proceedings of The United States National Museum . tape 27 , no. 1354 , 1904, pp. 197-210 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Mountain Wren ( Thryorchilus browni )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ A b Robert Ridgway (1908), p. 191.
  4. ↑ a b Outram Bangs (1906), p. 108.
  5. ↑ a b Outram Bangs (1902), p. 55.
  6. ^ Harry Church Oberholser (1904), p. 198.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 385.