Berlichingen

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Berlichingen
community Schöntal
Coat of arms of Berlichingen before the incorporation
Coordinates: 49 ° 19 ′ 36 ″  N , 9 ° 29 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 221 m
Residents : 660  (December 31, 2013)
Incorporation : March 1, 1972
Postal code : 74214
Area code : 07943
View of Berlichingen
View of Berlichingen

Berlichingen is a district of the community Schöntal in Hohenlohekreis ( Baden-Württemberg ) and ancestral seat of the noble family of the same name .

history

Berlichingen was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex in the year 800 . The place belonged to the sphere of influence of the noblemen of Krautheim-Boxberg. Their ministerials, the lords of Berlichingen , ruled the area and owned a small tower castle as their ancestral seat. Through donations and sales by the Berlichingen, the Schöntal monastery acquired approximately half of the town and some related rights in the high Middle Ages. Until the repeal of the imperial knighthood and monastic rule in the early 19th century, the lords of Berlichingen and the monastery shared property, after which Berlichingen came to Württemberg.

The population lived from agriculture and viticulture, but the property was very fragmented and offered hardly any income, so that between 1834 and the First World War the place lost around a third of its inhabitants through emigration and emigration. In 1899/1900 Berlichingen was connected to the railway network with the construction of the Jagst Valley Railway. In the early 20th century, the local brickworks in particular offered jobs, but the strong migration from the town continued until the Second World War.

In April 1945 the advancing American troops caused severe destruction in the place. In 1939 there were 753 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 834.

In the post-war period, the first task was to repair the war damage to the old building stock. From 1958, new building areas were also designated. With the sheet metal processing company LTI and the fan manufacturer DLK, two larger industrial companies settled in the village.

On March 1, 1972, Berlichingen was incorporated into the community of Schöntal.

Berlichingen maintains friendly relationships with Beichlingen , a district of the city of Kölleda in Thuringia.

Jewish rural community

Memorial plaque in the Jewish cemetery

There used to be a large Jewish community in Berlichingen , which had its origins in the settlement of Jews by the Barons of Berlichingen in the 16th century. The Berlichingen Jewish cemetery was first mentioned in 1586. The cemetery is the largest Jewish cemetery in Northern Württemberg, which was used as a burial place for numerous Jewish communities in the area. The Jewish community built a synagogue in 1791 and 1806, and in 1807 there were 128 Jewish residents. In 1832 Berlichingen became the seat of the Berlichingen district rabbinate . In 1854 there were 249 Jews. The Berlichinger Jews were of particular economic importance for the place, which developed into a center for a larger hinterland. From the middle of the 19th century, the size of the community steadily decreased due to emigration. In 1900 only 89 Jews were counted. At the same time the economic importance of the place declined. In 1933 there were still 68 Jews in Berlichingen, many of whom managed to emigrate during the Nazi era. During the November pogroms in 1938, the synagogue and some houses of Jewish citizens were demolished by local and foreign SA men. The Jewish community was dissolved in 1939 and the synagogue was later demolished. Of the 68 Jews who were still living in Berlichingen in 1933, at least 20 people were deported after 1938. In 1985 a memorial stone was placed.

Attractions

Catholic parish church of St. Sebastian

Business

In Berlichingen there are several medium-sized industrial companies as well as some craft businesses.

Individual evidence

  1. Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3478, February 23, 800 - Reg. 2687. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 194 , accessed on January 18, 2018 .
  2. Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 1: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in Northern Württemberg
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 451 .
  4. ^ Section on the Jewish community according to Paul Sauer: The Jewish communities in Württemberg and Hohenzollern . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1966 ( Publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg , 18). Contribution to Berlichingen p. 49 ff.

literature

  • The Hohenlohe district. Edited by the Baden-Württemberg State Archive in conjunction with the Hohenlohe district. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-7995-1367-1 , Volume 2, pp. 290-293.
  • Simon Berlinger: synagogue and rule. Four hundred years of the Jewish rural community of Berlichingen . Regio-Verlag Glock and Lutz, Sigmaringendorf 1991, ISBN 3-8235-6232-0

Web links

Commons : Berlichingen (Schöntal)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files