People of Ghana

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General

Total population

Historical development of the total population in the area of ​​today's Ghana [number of people]

Population development in millions of inhabitants
  • 1.5 million (census April 2, 1911, of which 857,516 in the actual Gold Coast Colony, 287,814 in Ashanti, 357,569 in the Northern Territories and around 1,700 whites.)
  • 2.5 million (estimate 1921)
  • 3.5 million (estimate 1931)
  • 4.5 million (estimate 1948)
  • 6.7 million (March 1960 census, [1a])
  • 8.6 million (census March 1, 1970, [1c])
  • 11.9 million (estimated, 1980)
  • 12.3 million (census, March 11, 1984, [1c])
  • 16.9 million (estimated, 1994)
  • 17.3 million (UN estimate for the annual mean 1995, [1b])
  • 18.2 million (UN estimate for the annual mean 1996, [1c])
  • 18.7 million (UN estimate for the annual mean 1997, [1c])
  • 19.2 million (UN estimate for the annual mean 1998, [1c])
  • 18.9 million (March 26, 2000 census)
  • 20.2 million (UNFPA 2000)
  • 20.8 million (UN estimate for the annual mean 2002, [1e])
  • 21.0 million (official estimate for 2005)
  • 28.8 million (UN estimate for 2017)

age structure

  • 0-14 years: 41.18% (male: 4,123,317; female: 4,068,786) (official estimate 2001)
    • under 15 years: 41.9% (2006)
    • under 25 years:> 61% (1960 [1a])
  • 15–64 years: 55.35% (male: 5,455,577; female: 5,555,278) (official estimate 2001)
  • > 65 years:
    • 3.47% (male: 328,809; female 362,247) (official estimate 2001)
    • 4.4% (2006)

Sex ratio male: female:

  • Birth: 1.03: 1 (official estimate 2005)
  • <15 years: 1.02: 1 (official estimate 2005)
  • 15–64 years: 1: 1 (official estimate 2005)
  • > 65 years: 0.88: 1 (official estimate 2005)
  • total
    • 51 women / 49 men (2000 census)
    • 50 women / 50 men (official estimate 2005)

growth of population

Births (per 1,000 people in the population):

  • 50–54 (1960 [1a])
  • 45.0 (1980-1985 [1c])
  • 41.3 (1985-1990 [1e])
  • 37.7 (1990-1995 [1e])
  • 34.0 (1995-2000 [1e])
  • 23.97 (official estimate for 2005)
  • 31.0 (2006)

Average annual population growth

  • 3.76% (1921-1931)
  • 1.77% (1931-1948)
  • 2.4% (March 1960 - March 1970 [1a])
  • 2.9% (1991-1994)
  • 2.4% (census March 26, 2000)
  • 1.25% (official estimate for 2005)
  • 1.8% (2006)

Children per woman:

  • approx. 7 (1960 [1a])
  • 6.1 (1991 average)
  • 5.15 (UNFPA 2000)
  • 4.5 (2000 census)
  • 3.32 (official estimate 2003)
  • 4.1 (UN estimate for 2003 [1e])
  • 4.4 (2006)

Deaths (per 1,000 people in the population):

  • 21–24 (1960, [1a])
  • 13.1 (UN estimate 1980–1985 [1c])
  • 12.1 (UN estimate 1985–1990 [1e])
  • 11.1 (UN estimate 1990–1995 [1e])
  • 10.7 (UN estimate 1995–2000 [1e])
  • 10.84 (2002)
  • 13.0 (2006)

Child mortality (deaths per 1,000 live births)

  • total: 56.0 (UNFPA 2000)
  • total: 95.0 (children under 5 years, 2003 [1e])
  • total: 51.43 (official estimate 2005)
    • of which male: 54.25 deaths (official estimate 2005)
    • thereof female: 48.53 deaths (official estimate 2005)

Maternal mortality (deaths per 1,000 live births)

  • 210 (average for period 1985-2001)

Life expectancy [years]:

  • 45.0 (1960, [1a])
  • 58.0 (average) (UN estimate 1990–1995 [1c])
    • of which male: 56.3
    • of which female: 59.7
  • 60.05 (average, UNFPA 2000)
    • of which male: 58.3
    • of which female: 61.8
  • 58.0 (average) (WHO estimate 2003 [1e])
    • of which male: 57.0
    • of which female: 60.0
  • 56.0 (average) (official estimate 2005)
    • of which male: 55.04
    • of which female: 56.99
  • 54.0 (average rate for 2006)

Area distribution of the total population

Population density

  • End of the 19th century:
    • in the less populated areas: around 10 people / km 2
    • in the more densely populated regions: around 30 people / km 2
    • (for comparison: Kete-Kratschi district (German colony Togo, border area on the Volta), 1911: 1.3 people / km 2 ; Anecho district (German colony Togo, coastal town), 1911: 40.7 people / km 2 )
  • 9.65 people / km 2 (1921, without British Togoland)
  • 13.3 people / km 2 (1931, without British Togoland)
  • 17.3 people / km 2 (1948, without British Togoland)
  • 28.2 people / km 2 (March 1960 [1a]) (73 people per square mile)
  • 79.6 people / km 2 (UN estimate for the annual mean 1997 [1b])
  • 80.3 people / km 2 (UN estimate for the annual mean 1998 [1c])
  • 78.9 people / km 2 (census March 26, 2000)
  • 90.8 people / km 2 (UN estimate for the annual mean 2004 [1e])
  • 87.0 people / km 2 (2006)

Population dispersion

[% Of the population of Ghana] lived in urban areas:
  • 23.0% (March 1960 [1a])
  • 33.0% (in the 1990s)
  • 36.0% (UNFPA 1995)
  • 37.1% (2006)
All locations with more than 5,000 inhabitants are considered urban.
Population of the regions of Ghana
Region
(regional capital)
 people Share
of total
[%] 		Remarks
Ashanti
(Kumasi)
 1,477,397
2,090,200
3,612,950 		17.29
17.00
19.10 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Eastern
(Koforidua)
 1,262,882
1,680,890
2,106,696 		14.78
13.67
11.14 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Brong-Ahafo
(Sunyani)
 762,673
1,206,608
1,815,408 		8.92
9.81
9.60 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Greater Accra
(Accra)
 848,825
1,431,099
2,905,726 		9.93
11.64
15.36 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Volta
(Ho)
 947,012
1,211,907
1,635,421 		11.08
9.86
8.65 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Northern
(Tamale)
 728,572
1,164,583
1,820,806 		8.53
9.47
9.63 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Western
(Takoradi)
 768,312
1,157,807
1,924,577 		8.52
9.42
10.18 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Central
(Cape Coast)
 892,593
1,142,335
1,593,823 		10.45
9.29
8.43 		(prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
Upper 857.295 10.03 (prov.) census March 1, 1970 [1a]
Upper East
(Bolgatanga)
 772.744
920.089 		6.28
4.87 		Census March 11, 1984 [1c]
Census March 26, 2000
Upper West
(Wa)
 438,008
576,583 		3.56
3.05 		Census March 11, 1984 [1c]
Census March 26, 2000
total 8,545,561
12,296,081
18,912,079 		100 (prov.) Census March 1, 1970 [1a]
March 11, 1984 census [1c]
March 26, 2000 census
The population in the districts of Ghana according to the March 26, 2000 census
No. District People,
total 		Share in
region
[%]
 including people in
urban areas
 including people in
rural areas
1 western region
101 Jomoro 110,972 5.78 32,685 78.287
102 Nzema East 142,523 7.43 37,716 104,807
103 Ahanta West 94,826 4.94 18,750 76,076
104 Shama - Ahanta East 366.215 19.08 366.215 -
105 Mpohor - Wassa 122,752 6.40 15,664 107.088
106 Wassa West 231,952 12.09 82.002 149,950
107 Wassa Amenefi 234.155 12.20 30,996 203.159
108 Aowin - Suaman 118,978 6.20 18,625 100.353
109 Juabeso - Bia 244,456 12.74 16,940 227,516
110 Sefwi Wiawso 149.247 7.78 34,669 114,578
111 Bibiani 103.136 5.37 38,455 64,681
Western, overall 1,919,212 692.717 1,226,495
2 Central Region
201 Come on 109,940 6.95 31,932 78.008
202 Cape Coast 114.142 7.22 78,358 35,784
203 Abura 89,933 5.69 26,109 63,824
204 Mfantsiman 152.965 9.67 76.107 76,858
205 Gomoa 191,824 12.13 48,326 143,498
206 Awutu 169.084 10.69 110,593 58,491
207 Agona 158.358 10.01 102,562 55,796
208 Asikuma 89,237 5.64 28,364 60,873
209 Ajumako 91,976 5.82 16,246 75,730
210 Assin 195.792 12.38 28,388 167,404
211 Twifo 110.215 6.97 15,126 95,089
212 Upper Denkyira 108.016 6.83 25,842 82.174
Central, overall 1,581,482 587,953 993.529
3 Greater Accra Region
301 Accra 1,647,202 57.01 1,647,202 -
302 Ga 549.049 19.00 400,960 148.089
303 Tema 503,627 17.43 445.372 58,255
304 Dangbe West 96,309 3.33 22,749 73,560
305 Dangbe East 92,935 3.22 16,796 76.139
Greater Accra, overall 2,889,122 2,533,079 356.043
4 Volta region
401 South Tongu 64,613 3.97 7.213 57,400
402 Keta 132,800 8.15 70,780 62.020
403 Ketu 237.457 14.57 82,249 155.208
404 Akatsi 93,397 5.73 19,528 73,869
405 North Tongu 130.106 7.98 25,239 104,867
406 Ho 233.277 14.32 79,514 153,763
407 Hohoe 112.198 6.89 22,380 89,818
408 Kpandu 152.453 9.36 34,804 117,649
409 Jasikan 111.021 6.81 22,054 88,967
410 Kadjebi 51,918 3.19 8,230 43,688
411 Nkwanta 150,588 9.24 35,262 115,326
412 Krachi 159,695 9.80 29,672 130.023
Volta, total 1,629,523 436.925 1,192,598
5 Eastern Region
501 Birim North 124.016 5.90 12,124 111,892
502 Birim South 178,920 8.51 87,490 91,430
503 West Akim 154.107 7.33 49,225 104,882
504 Kwaebibirem 179,246 8.52 69,419 109,827
505 Suhum 165.651 7.88 35,989 129,662
506 East Akim 190.279 9.05 70,492 119,787
507 Fanteakwa 86,708 4.12 15,906 70,802
508 New Juaben 135,324 6.43 112,647 22,677
509 Akwapim South 115.049 5.47 52,553 62,496
510 Akwapim North 105,538 5.02 31,995 73,543
511 Yilo Krobo 85.724 4.08 15,319 70,405
512 Manya Krobo 153,990 7.32 61,358 92,632
513 Asugyaman 75,523 3.59 19,695 55,828
514 Afram Plains 135.854 6.46 6,885 128,969
515 Kwahu South 217,447 10.34 83.217 134.230
Eastern, overall 2,103,376 724.314 1,379,062
6 Ashanti region
601 Atwima 237,600 6.62 49,219 188,381
602 Amansie West 108,679 3.03 - 108,679
603 Amansie East 224.830 6.26 27,253 197,577
604 Adansi West 229.061 6.38 136.172 92,889
605 Adansi East 129,249 3.60 9,616 119,633
606 Ashanti Akim South 96,833 2.70 15,965 80,868
607 Ashanti Akim North 125,817 3.50 70,055 55,762
608 Ejisu / Juaben 123.761 3.45 32,881 90,880
609 Bosomtwi 145.918 4.06 7,368 138,550
610 Kumasi 1,162,408 32.37 1,162,408 -
611 Afigya / Kwabre 164.454 4.58 63,923 100,531
612 Afigya Sekyere 118,775 3.31 42,041 76,734
613 Sekyere East 156.969 4.37 52,738 104.231
614 Sekyere West 142.126 3.96 54,827 87,299
615 Ejura / Sekyedu 80,694 2.25 39.206 41,488
616 Offinso 137.973 3.84 42,661 95,312
617 Ahafo Ano South 133.508 3.72 12,313 121.195
618 Ahafo Ano North 71,856 2.00 13,795 58,061
Ashanti, overall 3,590,511 1,832,441 1,758,070
7 Brong Ahafo region
701 Asunafo 174.096 9.61 49.293 124,803
702 Asutifi 83,979 4.63 12,903 71,076
703 Tanoso 123.084 6.79 53,078 70.006
704 Sunyani 178,531 9.85 131,867 46,664
705 Dormaa 150,050 8.28 46,785 103.265
706 Yes you 147,686 8.15 46,725 100,961
707 Berekum 93,978 5.19 51,723 42,255
708 Wenchi 166.354 9.18 49,570 116,784
709 Techiman 175.170 9.66 97.812 77,358
710 Nkoranza 128,626 7.10 37,398 91,228
711 Kintampo 146.206 8.07 39,019 107.187
712 Atebubu 162,634 8.97 53,477 109,157
713 Sene 82,078 4.53 7,040 75,038
Brong Ahafo, overall 1,812,472 676.690 1,135,782
8 Northern Region
801 Bole 127.188 7.04 15,604 111,584
802 West Gonja 138,701 7.67 19,898 118,803
803 Wast Gonja 174,566 9.66 23,881 150,685
804 Nanumba 143,866 7.96 28,308 115,558
805 Sabsugu Tatale 79,036 4.37 16,720 62,316
806 Chereponi-Saboba 93,471 5.17 6,144 87,327
807 Yendi 128,387 7.10 43,889 84,498
808 Gushiegu-Karaga 121.117 6.70 23,545 97,572
809 Savelugu-Nanton 90.202 4.99 32,574 57,628
810 Tamale 292.151 16.16 196.126 96.025
811 Tolon-Kumbungu 131,791 7.29 20,532 111,259
812 West Mamprusi 114.220 6.32 18,038 96.182
813 East Mamprusi 172.919 9.57 30,782 142.137
Northern, overall 1,807,615 476.041 1,331,574
9 Upper East Region
901 Builsa 75,246 8.23 - 75,246
902 Kassena-Nankani 148.719 16.27 23,245 125,474
903 Bongo 77,768 8.51 - 77,768
904 Bolgatanga 227.725 24.91 48,472 179.253
905 Bawku West 80.109 8.76 7,747 72,362
906 Bawku East 304,449 33.31 62,421 242.028
Upper East, overall 914.016 141,885 772.131
10 Upper West Region
1001 Wa 223,424 38.86 66,364 157.060
1002 Nadawili 83.013 14.44 - 83.013
1003 Sissala 84,707 14.73 8,839 75,868
1004 Jirapa lambussie 96,602 16.80 13,296 83,306
1005 Lavra 87,172 15.16 11,959 75.213
Upper West, overall 574.918 100,458 474,460
Ghana 18,822,247 8,202,503 10,619,744

Population indicators with economic policy significance

Persons in paid, non-self-employed employment

  • 361,502 (1966 [1a])
  • 361,351 (1967 [1a])
  • 391,261 (1968 [1a])
  • 402,579 (1970, estimate [1a], this corresponds to the data from the 1970 census: 4.70% of the population)
  • 5,422,480 (census March 11, 1984 [1b-1e], this corresponds to the data given there: 44.10% of the population)
  • Estimate for mid-2003: 10,476,000 employed workers ([1e], this corresponds to the figures of the UN estimate of the population for mid-2003: 49.39% of the population)
Cost of Living in Ghana Consumer Price
Index in December of each year
Product group 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Base
1990 = 100 1995 = 100 1997 = 100
food 274.4 317.1
clothes and shoes 326.1 341.5
Living area 634.9 756.5
Medicine and health 213.9 257.0
Transport and communication 480.3 516.1
total 353.4 473.7 187.4 214.8 241.5 302.3 401.8 461.4 322.7 360.7

Sources: until 2002: IMF; 2003 and 2004: Bank of Ghana [1b-e]

Population indicators with importance for health policy

Doctors (number per 1,000 people in the population)

  • 0.06 (1996 [1d])
  • 0.09 (2002 [1e])

Hospital beds (number per 1,000 people in the population)

  • 1.46 (1997 [1d] [1e])

HIV / AIDS infected people (% of all people between the ages of 15 and 49 years)

  • 3.1 (2003 [1d] [1e])

Ethnic groups in Ghana

The main ethnic groups of Ghana are [in% of the total population]:

  • Akan
    • 44.1% (1971 (1960?) [1a])
    • 52.4% (UN estimate 1991 [1c])
    • 49.1% (2000 census)
  • Mossi (Mole-Dagbani, Mole-Dagomba)
    • 15.9% (1971 (1960?) [1a])
    • 15.8% (UN estimate 1991 [1c])
    • 16.5% (2000 census)
  • Ewe
    • 13.0% (1971 (1960?) [1a])
    • 11.9% (UN estimate 1991 [1c])
    • 12.7% (2000 census)
  • Guang (Guan)
    • 11.9% (UN estimate 1991 [1c])
  • Ga-Adangme
    • 8.3% (1971 (1960?) [1a])
    • 7.8% (UN estimate 1991 [1c])
    • 8.0% (2000 census)
  • Gurmantchen
    • 3.3% (UN estimate 1991, [1c])
  • Yoruba
    • 1.3% (UN estimate 1991, [1c])

See also: List of the Peoples of Ghana , List of the Languages ​​of Ghana

Population policies with demographic effects

Foreigners in Ghana

The 1960 census also recorded approximately 537,000 people of non-Ghanaian birth resident permanently on the territory of Ghana. Almost all of them came from other West African countries, mainly from Togo , what was then Upper Volta (today's Burkina Faso ) and Nigeria . In addition, there was also a considerable temporary wave of migration every year at that time, which was not included in the data collection for the census. These were mainly workers from neighboring countries who were temporarily employed in (commercialized) agriculture. In this context, it was assumed that there were 300,000 people who poured across the borders of Ghana for the harvest each year and then left the country again. With additional consideration of persons of Ghanaian birth who are considered to be relatives of persons of non-Ghanaian origin, in 1960 the foreign element in the population of Ghana at its peak was put at around one million, which at that time made up around 15% of the total population. As an attempt to counter the high unemployment and also out of a certain urban pressure, the Ghanaian government decided at the end of 1969 to introduce statutory minimum requirements, with which the issuing of a residence permit for the citizens of other African countries was linked. The result of this action was a massive exodus of foreigners from Ghana. It was estimated that around 150,000 to 200,000 people were driven out of the country within a few weeks.

Ghanaians by birth or parenting (in% of the total population):

  • 92.02% (1960 census [1a])
  • 92.1% (2000 census)

Ethnic conflict

In February 1994 a long-smoldering conflict between the Konkomba and the native Nanumba escalated in northeast Ghana . The Konkomba, which have their origins in the former area of Togo , had claimed for themselves the status of a traditional ethnic group, which would, however, have made them the owners of the land they inhabit. This met with resistance from the previous owners of the land and the situation escalated when around 500 people were killed in connection with this conflict in February 1994. The government immediately dispatched troops to the northern regions and declared a state of emergency in seven districts. About 6,000 Konkomba fled across the border to Togo these days, although the border had been officially closed since January 1994 due to foreign policy tensions between Ghana and Togo (it was only reopened in December 1994). In early March, 12 people were killed in Tamale when government security forces fired Dagomba groups in a demonstration after they had allegedly attacked a Konkomba group. The conflict spread to seven different ethnic groups in the northern areas, especially after elections for the district parliament were held in late March in the northern regions without a state of emergency. At the end of May 1994 around 1,000 people were killed and around 150,000 displaced in the course of this conflict. At the beginning of June 1997 the seven ethnic groups involved in the conflict agreed on a peace agreement. However, the conflict did not stop as the Northern Territories issue became more and more a government-opposition conflict that persisted after the December 1996 presidential election. In September 1997, the conflict also spread to the Brong Ahafo region when 3 people were killed and around 1,000 were displaced in the course of disputes over land ownership. In December 1997, violence spread to the north-west when two Muslim sects fought violent clashes in Wa , which continued in October 1997 between opposing Muslim groups in Wenchi .

Foreign policy and other conflicts

  • May 1986 - end of 1994: conflict between Ghana and Togo;
    At the end of 1992 more than 100,000 Togolese refugees were living in Ghana.
  • November 1993: Ghana-Ivory Coast conflict;
    More than 10,400 people of Ghanaian birth who had previously lived on the Ivory Coast have been returned to Ghana (repatriated).
  • May 1996: Conflict in Liberia;
    A Ghanaian military unit with around 1,000 men was sent to Liberia in mid-1994 on behalf of ECOWAS. Ghana granted temporary asylum to around 2,000 Liberian war refugees, but insisted that more would not be accepted in the future.

swell

  • [1] Africa South of the Sahara,
    • [1a] 1 (1971) 339-371
    • [1b] 29 (2000) 517-542
    • [1c] 30 (2001) 544-571
    • [1d] 34 (2005) 492-519
    • [1e] 35 (2006) 517-545

See also

Web links

Commons : Demographics of Ghana  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved December 30, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b Asmis: Law and Policy Relating to the Natives of the Gold Coast and Nigeria. In: Journal of the African Society. 12, No. 45, 1912, pp. 17-51 and 12, No. 46, 1913, pp. 136-164.
  3. ↑ a b c The figure given is an estimate of the population classified as "African", as z. B. saw the colonial administration of the northern territories unable to provide precise information. In addition, at that time, for. B. some agona villages to take part in the census because they feared the introduction of a poll or hut tax. The numbers include estimates for the Gold Coast Colony proper, Asante, the Northern Territories, including British Togoland. Non-African foreigners are not included. Your share was z. B. estimated at 11,000 in mid-1953, including 7,100 British and 1,930 Syrians and Lebanese.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ghana population atlas. Edinburgh 1960.
  5. ^ George Thomas Kurian: Encyclopedia of the Third World - Revised Edition. New York 1982.
  6. ↑ a b c d A Third World Guide 1995/96. Institutio del Tarcer Mundo (Uruguay), Montevideo 1995.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Ghana Statistical Service, 2000 Census (Final Results) - Figures according to the Ghana Investment and Promotion Center ( Memento of October 16, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) in October 2006.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Fischer World Almanac. 2006.
  9. ↑ A. Vierkandt: The population density in western Central Africa. In: Scientific publications of the Geography Association in Leipzig. 2, 1895, pp. 65-172.
  10. ↑ Harold Coulomb, Ghana Census-Based Poverty Map: District and Sub-District level Results , May 2005, contained in Ernest Aryeetey, Ravi Kanbur (Ed.), The Economy of Ghana: Analytical Perspectives on Stability, Growth and Poverty (forthcoming publication ) saga.cornell.edu (PDF).