District Jap
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The district of Jap was an administrative unit of the German colonial empire on the Carolines from 1899 to 1918, with its seat on Jap .
District
Jap was officially owned by Spain since the 16th century . With the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899 , the island became a German colony through sale . It became part of the German New Guinea protected area .
The newly created Jap District was responsible for the West Carolines, Mariana Islands and Palau Islands . The border to the district Ponape , which covered the Eastern Carolines, who was longitude 148 degrees East.
The seat of the district office was on the island of Jap. A district administrator was at the head of the administration. From 1907 he was also Vice Governor of German New Guinea. Prior to 1907, the Ponape District District Administrator held this title. District officials were:
- Arno Senfft (1899–1909)
- Rudolf Karlowa (1909)
- Georg Fritz (1909-1910)
- Dr. Hermann Kersting (1910–1911)
- Baumert (1911-1914)
The Jap District Court existed on site . However, no professional judge was stationed in Japan. The district official performed the task of the district judge in personal union. The court was subordinate to the Rabaul High Court . It was only responsible for the whites, not for the natives . The district official was responsible as judge for the indigenous people, unless indigenous courts were used.
In 1911 there were over 6000 natives in the district. There were also 38 whites (including 25 Germans) and nine Japanese.
In addition, there was a stranding office, a registry office and a seaman's office on Jap. Schools were only supported by the missions. The security service was initially provided by a police force of 32 natives (as of 1902). In Jap there was a post office and a large cable station of the German-Dutch telegraph company. This was connected by cables to Shanghai, Menado and Guam.
With the Treaty of Versailles , Germany had to cede its colonies.
Station districts
The Koror, Jaluit, Nauru, Saipan and Angaur stations were subordinate to the Jap district office.
Saipan station district
In 1899 a separate Saipan District Office was established on Saipan . From April 1906, the administration was carried out by the Jap District Office. With the ordinance of the Reich Chancellor of February 27, 1907, the district office was repealed and assigned to the district office of Jap. A station district with a station manager was created on Saipan.
About 2500 natives, 22 whites, including 15 Germans and 38 Japanese, lived on Saipan. The headquarters of the station manager was in Gárapan on the island of Saipan. In terms of infrastructure, there was the only government school in the reserve and several native schools for the missions. District manager was Georg Fritz from 1899 to 1907. Station manager was Karl Kirn from 1907 to 1910 and von Heynitz from 1911 to 1914.
Government station Koror
In 1901 a detached auxiliary post with a colored ladder was set up on Koror . In 1905 a station manager was appointed. In 1911 around 4,150 natives, 9 whites (including 8 Germans) and 42 Japanese lived on the island. The government station was in Matalái on the northern tip of the island. In terms of infrastructure, there was a registry office and a post office, both of which were managed by the station manager. The local Capuchin Mission ran schools. From 1908 to 1914 Winkler was station manager.
Angaur government station
In 1910 the Angaur government station was established. The island had rich phosphate deposits that were mined by the "Deutsche Südseephosphat-Aktiengesellschaft" and was of corresponding economic importance. In 1911 around 600 colored people (natives and workers from other islands) lived in the district. There were also 28 Germans, one Argentine and 113 Chinese. There was a wireless telegraph station next to the post office that kept in touch with Jap. In addition to the phosphate steamers, the station was approached six times a year by steamers on the Austral-Hong Kong Line of North German Lloyd. From 1910 to 1911 von Heynitz was station manager, 1911 to 1913 Rodatz, 1913 to 1914 Völz and 1914 Eckert.
Government station Nauru
From April 16, 1888, Nauru belonged to the protected area of the Marshall Islands. When the Reich took over the area from the Jaluit Society in 1906, this protected area was dissolved and assigned to the German New Guinea protected area. The station was independent until February 17, 1911 and was then subordinated to the Jap District Office. Nauru had around 1,400 natives in 1911. There was a post office and a radio station on the island that kept in touch with Jap.
District officials of the Jaluitgesellschaft were Christian Johannsen from 1889 to 1892, Fritz Jung from 1892 to 1897 and Ludwig Kaiser from 1897 to 1906. Station managers were Konrad Geppert from 1906 to 1908, Joseph Sigwanz from 1908 to 1911, Warnecke from 1911 to 1912 and Wilhelm Wostrack from 1912 to 1914.
Jaluit station district
The Marshall Islands were a separate reserve under the administration of the Jaluit Society from 1888 to 1906. By imperial decree of January 18, 1906, the protected area was abolished and assigned to the German New Guinea protected area. Jaluit became the seat of the Jaluit District Office. At the same time the High Court was moved from Jaluit to Ponape. By decree of the governor of German New Guinea of February 17, 1911, the Jaluit District Office was converted into a station and subordinated to the Jap District Office.
The Jaluit station district included the Marshall Islands, Brown and Providence Islands. The government station was in Jaboran on Jabor , the main island of Jaluit. There was a post office and several mission stations on Jaluit.
The Imperial Commissioner was at the head of the protected area from 1886 to 1893. From 1893 he carried the title of governor. From 1886 to 1887 this was Dr. jur. Wilhelm Knappe , 1887 to 1889 Franz Sonnenschein, 1889 to 1891 Max Biermann, 1891 to 1893 Dr. Wilhelm Schmidt, 1893 to 1898 Dr. Wilhelm Irmer and from 1898 to 1906 Eugen Brandeis. After a vacancy, the district was headed by a district official from 1907. These were Wilhelm Stuckhardt from 1908 to 1909 and Erich Berghausen from 1909 to 1911. Merz was station manager from 1911 to 1912 and Schoenleber from 1912 to 1914.
literature
- Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Outline of German administrative history: 1815–1945 , vol. 22. Federal and Reich authorities, 1983, ISBN 3879691568 , pp. 535–542