Educational poverty

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Educational poverty is the individual lack of educational certificates and educational skills. This deficit can be expressed in absolute terms or in relation to the educational wealth of the surrounding society.

Measurement of educational poverty

With the competence levels of the PISA studies , it is possible to designate educational poverty as absolute educational poverty. According to Jutta Allmendinger and Stephan Leibfried , there is absolute educational poverty if the lowest level of competence in the PISA study scale is not reached. There is a functional illiteracy here . Educational poverty can also be measured with educational certificates: absolute educational poverty means that there are no educational certificates, relative educational poverty that the share of educational certificates falls below a certain value, which is measured against the average distribution of social educational titles.

Concepts for measuring educational poverty
Certificates (25 to 64 year olds) Competencies (15 year olds)
Absolute benchmark "Educational poverty can be measured on the basis of a lack of final certificates; the minimum standard can be defined by passing the Abitur or completed vocational training (SEK II qualification); a lack of this would then be a characteristic of educational poverty." "To determine the level of educational poverty, the proportion of people who only reach proficiency level 1 at most in the PISA test can be used."
Relative scale "The group of people who, measured in certificates, only have a certain share in the education of the average resident is defined as the educationally poor." "The group of people is poorly educated

which, measured in competencies (competency levels of the PISA test), has only a certain proportion of the average education of the corresponding age group or average resident. "

(IW: Educational poverty and human capital weakness in Germany, 2006, p. 6)

Economic use of the term

In educational economics , educational poverty is also translated as human capital weakness.

From an economic point of view, it is important to avoid educational poverty , as this, as a weakness in human capital, could prevent economic growth, as the OECD study The Sources of Growth from 2003 forecast for the Federal Republic of Germany.

Since the early 1990s, the proportion of people without an upper secondary level qualification has remained the same, as has the proportion of people without vocational training.

"This means that Germany's relative position has deteriorated in an international comparison. An increase in educational poverty can be observed especially among young people."

The individual consequences of educational poverty include lower income opportunities, lower professional prestige and a higher risk of unemployment. From an educational economics perspective, social effects are negative consequences for economic growth on the one hand, and higher public spending on the other.

Causes of educational poverty in Germany

The 2006 report by the Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft sees three causes of educational poverty:

  1. lack of early childhood support from parents
  2. lack of support during school time
  3. unfavorable school environment

These causes could be remedied by:

  1. the expansion of early childhood support
  2. the expansion of all-day schools
  3. the creation of a better culture of support

See also

Portal: Education  - Overview of Wikipedia content on education

literature

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  1. ^ Voigt, Matthias ,: Bildungsarmut: determinants, origin effects and mechanisms of secondary school leaving . Wiesbaden 2017, ISBN 978-3-658-20177-7 .
  2. ^ Jutta Allmendinger / Stephan Leibfried: Bildungsarmut . In: From Politics and Contemporary History (B 21-22 / 2003)
  3. ^ OECD - Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2003): The Sources of Economic Growth , Paris
  4. ↑ DIW (2006): Educational poverty and human capital weakness in Germany Cologne, p. 4 Educational poverty and human capital weakness in Germany ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 701 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bavc.de
  5. ↑ IW (2006): Educational poverty and human capital weakness in Germany Cologne, p. 26
  6. ↑ IW (2006): Educational poverty and human capital weakness in Germany Cologne, p. 77