Bismarck bush singer
| Bismarck bush singer | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cincloramphus grosvenori | ||||||||||||
| ( Gilliard , 1960) |
The Bismarck bush warbler ( Cincloramphus grosvenori , Syn .: Megalurulus grosvenori ), also known as the masked bush warbler , is a rarely researched songbird species from the grass warbler family . It is endemic to the island of New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago . The species is known only from two specimens, a male and a female, which were shot in December 1958 and scientifically described by Ernest Thomas Gilliard in 1960 . The art epithet honors the American philanthropist Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875-1966), who was president of the National Geographic Society from 1920 to 1954 . The species is attributed to the genus Cincloramphus based on recent molecular genetic studies (2018) .
features
The two specimens have a body length of 17 to 19 cm. The top and top of the head are dark russet, with the back and rump being the darkest. The wings are black and the long tiered tail has fine tips. The shortest control spring is a little more than half as long as the longest. A black mask runs from the beak to the ear covers. The wide stripe above the eyes is reddish-yellow-brown. The brown scale pattern of related species is missing in the small wing covers. The chin, throat and upper abdomen are light ocher-yellow-brown. The breast is a rich orange-sand color. The flanks and the lower black cover are dark cinnamon brown. The outermost hand wings are much shorter than those of the Bougainville bush warbler ( Cincloramphus llaneae ). The beak is brownish-black. The iris is dark brown. The legs and feet are dark smoke brown. The sexes look the same, the male's tail is apparently longer than that of the female. The juvenile birds are undescribed.
From the chestnut bush warbler ( Cincloramphus rubiginosus ), which occurs on New Britain at altitudes of 1,400 m, the Bismarck bush warbler differs through the black mask, through the well-developed over-eye stripe, through the reddish-orange underside and the pointed tail feathers.
status
The Bismarck Buschsänger was in 1988 by the IUCN in the category potentially at risk (near threatened) Red List of Threatened Species added. In 1994 this status was changed to insufficient data (data deficient). The species has been listed as endangered (vulnerable) since 2008 . Since it was first recorded in 1958, this species has not been sighted, although there were several search expeditions in the 1990s, including by K. David Bishop and David Gibbs (both 1994) and Guy Dutson in 1997 and 1998. However, they did only a few observers wanted at the required altitude. The Bismarck bush singer has a secret way of life and you can hardly see him before you hear him.
There is no documented information about population size, with the exception of negative records from locations that are at somewhat lower altitudes than the terra typica . The population size is provisionally estimated at 250 to 1000 adult birds. Julian Pender Hume thinks the Bismarck bush singer may be extinct.
Graeme M. Buchanan and his colleagues calculated the rate of habitat loss within the range of this species to be 12 percent between 1989 and 2000. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of intact mountain forest on New Britain. Introduced predators, especially feral cats, are likely the greatest threats to these terrestrial birds.
literature
- E. Thomas Gilliard: Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition, 2. A new species of thicket warbler (Aves, Cichlornis) from New Britain. In: Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 2008, 1960, pp. 1-6.
- BJ Coates: The Birds of Papua New Guinea, Including the Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville. Vol. 2. Passerines. Dove Publications, Alderley, Queensland 1990, p. 78.
- Guy Dutson: Birds of Melanesia: The Bismarcks, Solomons, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Christopher Helm, London 2011, ISBN 978-0-7136-6540-6 , p. 400.
- Phil Gregory : Birds of New Guinea Including Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2017, ISBN 978-84-941892-7-2 , p. 400.
- Julian P. Hume: Extinct Birds. 2nd Edition. Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5 , p. 300.
- Josep del Hoyo , Nigel Collar, Guy M. Kirwan : New Britain Thicketbird (Megalurulus grosvenori). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie, E. de Juana (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2017 (accessed from HBW Alive on August 26, 2017).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Per Alström, A. Cibois, M. Irestedt, D. Zuccon, M. Gelang, J. Fjeldså, MJ Andersen, RG Moyle, E. Pasquet, U. Olsson: Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the grassbirds and allies (Locustellidae) reveals extensive non-monophyly of traditional genera, and a proposal for a new classification . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 2018, p. 367–375 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2018.03.029 .
- ^ Julian P. Hume: Extinct Birds. 2nd Edition. Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-4729-3744-5 , p. 300.
- ↑ GM Buchanan, SHM Butchart, GCL Dutson, JD Pilgrim, MK Steininger, KD Bishop, P. Mayaux: Using remote sensing to inform conservation status assessment: estimates of recent deforestation rates on New Britain and the impacts upon endemic birds. In: Biological Conservation. Volume 141, No. 1, 2008, pp. 56-66.