Bolivian squirrel monkey

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Bolivian squirrel monkey
Saimiri boliviensis - Dierenpark Emmen 1.JPG

Bolivian squirrel monkey ( Saimiri boliviensis )

Systematics
Partial order : Monkey (anthropoidea)
without rank: New World Monkey (Platyrrhini)
Family : Capuchins (Cebidae)
Subfamily : Saimiriinae
Genre : Squirrel monkey ( Saimiri )
Type : Bolivian squirrel monkey
Scientific name
Saimiri boliviensis
I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Blainville , 1834
Bolivian squirrel monkey

The Bolivian squirrel monkey ( Saimiri boliviensis ) is a species of primate from the New World monkey group .

features

Bolivian squirrel monkeys, like all squirrel monkeys, are relatively small primates. They reach a head body length of 25 to 37 centimeters, to which a 37 to 43 centimeter long tail comes. With a weight of up to 1 kilogram, males are heavier than females, which can reach up to 0.75 kilograms. The short, dense fur is gray or olive green on the upper side, the forearms, hands and feet are orange-yellow. The head is rounded, the face is white, the cap on the top of the head is gray in males and black in females. The white arches over the eyes are more rounded and go up less than in the common squirrel monkey . The long tail is relatively thin compared to other squirrel monkeys.

distribution and habitat

Bolivian squirrel monkeys live in western South America . Their distribution area includes southwestern Brazil , eastern Peru and Bolivia . Their habitat is forests, they often stay in temporarily flooded river forests.

Lifestyle and diet

These primates are diurnal tree dwellers who tend to be in the lower tree region. They usually move on all fours and are very quick and dexterous.

They live in large groups of 45 to 75 animals. Both sexes develop a hierarchy. Young males who have left their birth group first form pure male groups before trying to join mixed groups. The females, who remain in their birth group and also define their ranking via the relationship, always remain dominant over the males, who usually only stay at the edge of the group. The home ranges of a group are very large with up to five square kilometers .

Bolivian squirrel monkeys feed primarily on insects and fruits, the proportion of which can vary depending on the season. Hunting insects takes up most of the day (up to 50% of the day), eating the fruit only around ten percent. They also eat other parts of the plant such as leaves, flowers and other things, but also eggs and small vertebrates.

Reproduction

Bolivian squirrel monkey with cub

The breeding season of the Bolivian squirrel monkey is characterized by increasing aggressiveness between the males, who can gain up to 20 percent in weight during this time. The females prefer the strongest males and those who have put on the most weight for mating. After a gestation period of around 150 to 170 days, a single young is usually born, with the births within a group being synchronized and occurring almost simultaneously. Not only the mother but also other females take care of the young animal, which is weaned after four to six months. Sexual maturity occurs at around two to three years of age, at which point the males leave their birth group.

Danger

In some places, Bolivian squirrel monkeys are hunted for their meat or because they are made into pets . They also suffer from the destruction of their habitat, but overall the species is widespread and, according to the IUCN, not endangered ( least concern ).

Systematics

The Bolivian squirrel monkeys is one of eight species of the squirrel monkey . Cladistically, it is the basic sister group of a clade from all other squirrel monkey species. A distinction is made between two subspecies, the nominate form Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis in southwestern Brazil and Bolivia and S. b. peruviensis in Peru.

literature

  • Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro, Jean P. Boubli, FP Paim, CC Ribas, MNF da Silva, MR Messias, F. Röhe, MP Mercês, J. de Sousa e Silva Júnior, CR Silva, GM Pinho, G. Koshkarian, MTT Nguyen, ML Harada, RM Rabelo, HL Queiroz, Michael E. Alfaro & IP Farias: Biogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri): South-central Amazon origin and rapid pan-Amazonian diversification of a lowland primate. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 82, Part B, pp. 436-454, January 2015, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.09.004

Web links

Commons : Bolivian Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri boliviensis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files