Bomb pass - ID for those injured by aircraft

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following important information is missing from this article or section:
Significance for housing management during and after the Second World War
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Bomb pass - ID for those injured by aircraft.

The bomb pass - identity card for air-casualties , support card for air- casualties , bomb certificate or similar, legitimized the holder during the Second World War as being damaged by an Allied bombing or air raid . It also showed the degree of damage (light, medium, total). Special reference slips, shopping cards and similarly labeled documents issued on the basis of the bomb pass entitle the holder to purchase rationed consumer goods to cover immediate needs and to provide housing through the German Housing Fund .

According to the War Damage Ordinance , on the other hand, monetary compensation was granted in the amount of the replacement costs , for example for owners of a house damaged or destroyed in the air war.

meaning

The identity card was used for the administrative registration and care of the "bombed out" in addition to the direct care by the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV). The care was based on local conditions and not uniform across the country. After the bombing, the documents were issued at the so-called collection points in order to save those affected from going to many different offices. The municipal offices involved in the exhibition were usually the welfare office, the food and economy office, the district office, the housing and settlement office, and possibly the war damage office.

The copying of certificates of entitlement to purchase or forms for this or the illegal purchase of goods could be punished with death according to the regulation supplementing the war economy regulation of March 25, 1942.

Notwithstanding this warning, a bomb license could help persecuted people who had gone into hiding during the Nazi era to obtain supplies of rationed goods such as food. According to the ordinance for the provisional safeguarding of the vital needs of the German people of August 27, 1939, the transaction card required for this was only valid if, in particular, the name of the beneficiary was entered in full (Section 5 of August 27, 1939). This requirement could be circumvented if the applicant could not identify himself to the conviction of the issuing authority and thus a non-verifiable (incorrect) name specification led to the issue:

“In the meantime the heavy air bombing had started in Berlin. I took advantage of that, looked for a district in which both the police office and the food card office had been bombed out, went to the mayor's office in Schöneberg and announced that I had been bombed out. Since my information could not be checked for accuracy, I immediately received a so-called bomb certificate as being bombed out. [...]. On my bomb license I received a legal residence permit and was again supplied with ration cards . "

Bomb victims were given priority when buying so-called “Jewish property ”, i.e. household effects and furnishings from deported Dutch Jews, whose property was confiscated after their deportation as part of “ Aktion M ” and used as so-called “Holland furniture” by the state economic offices of the various districts . In this way, people damaged by bombs (but also other groups of the population such as war invalids, families with many children and newly married couples) were able to buy stolen furnishings and textiles cheaply, which were otherwise hardly available in the German Reich due to the switch to war production.

Appearance

Determination of the social welfare office for air victims after the bombing raid on Braunschweig on October 15, 1944 .
(Family name subsequently made illegible.)

The DIN-A6 paper document consisted of about ten pages. The first inside was the leaflet for air-casualties , it was aimed at the (bombed-out) “Volksgenossen!” And contained propagandistic slogans (e.g. point 8: “Never forget that you are on the great front of the fighters for a better one Future of our German people belongs. "), Warnings (point 2:" Beware of exaggerations, because experience teaches that you open the door to the wild rumor mill [...] ") and instructions on how to deal with the" neighborhood people " , so z. B. Point 4: "Pay attention to the peculiarities of your hosts [...]." Or Point 5: "Therefore, handle the objects [...] carefully [...]".

The third page was followed by personal information such as name, date and place of birth, (old and new) address, type of damage and other information (e.g. number of children or missing relatives). Other pages contained food stamps for breakfast, lunch and dinner as well as entries from the economic and nutritional authorities. The last page was a tear-out postcard. It was addressed to “To the central verification office”, to which the new address should be communicated when moving.

post war period

Bomb certificates also played a role in the reconstruction after the end of World War II.

In Austria, for example, social housing was only funded by the Housing Reconstruction Fund (WWF) with the maximum subsidy if the applicant presented a bomb certificate (i.e. a confirmation of war damage) and could prove that the property in question could not be repaired.

In Germany, bomb certificate holders could get coupons for cement, stones, girders and other building materials. In the implementation regulations of the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse for the Federal Evacue Act, reference was made to the bomb license in the application form for repatriation.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Rainer Seil: “There are a total of seven adults and nine or in autumn ten children in our house.” Housing management after 1945 in the Bad Kreuznach district Bad Kreuznacher Heimatblätter, supplement to no. 11/2015
  2. ^ Ordinance on the control of living space of February 27, 1943, RGBl. I p. 127
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the supply of housing for the population affected by the air war of June 21, 1943, RGBl. I p. 355
  4. ↑ Leader's decree on the establishment of the German Housing Assistance Agency of September 9, 1943, RGBl. I p. 535
  5. ↑ Erich Hampe: The care organization. In: The civil air defense in the Second World War. Bernard and Graefe Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1963, pp. 412-416
  6. ↑ RGBl. I, p. 147
  7. ↑ cf. Martin Psonka: Criminal proceedings against minors in the Third Reich using the example of the Dortmund Special Court TU Dortmund, Univ.-Diss. 2019, p. 100 ff.
  8. ↑ RGBl. I, p. 1498
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Survival in the Third Reich. Jews in the underground and their helpers , CH Beck, Munich 2003, p. 27. Google Books , accessed on April 11, 2020.
  10. ↑ Margarete Rosenbohm-Plate: Not only for bomb victims! Jewish furniture - Dutch furniture in East Friesland 1943/44. A look at OTZ provenance research in museums of cultural history, accessed on April 20, 2020.
  11. ↑ Holger Frerichs: “Aktion M” and “Holland Möbel” in Jever and Varel (Friesland district) 1943/44 Center for Jewish and Contemporary History in the Friesland / Wilhelmshaven region, Gröschler Haus, accessed on April 20, 2020.
  12. ↑ A bomb hit with long-term consequences , in: Ingo Mörth: Linzer Kultur-Regions - draft of a brochure , Institute for Sociology Linz 1994, p. 111, accessed on April 11, 2020.
  13. ^ Landesverband Berlin der Gartenfreunde eV (Hrsg.): Future of Berlin allotments with a term of protection of 2020 - contributions from the allotments concerned. Berlin, 2015 p. 35, accessed on April 11, 2020.
  14. ↑ cf. Application for registration as an evacueee and repatriation to the place of departure. Ministerialblatt für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen , May 15, 1962, pp. 784, 787, accessed on April 11, 2020.
  15. ↑ cf. Application for registration as an evacueee and repatriation to the place of departure. State Gazette for the State of Hesse , February 20, 1954, pp. 175, 179, accessed on April 11, 2020.