Paul F. Linke

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Paul Ferdinand Linke (born March 15, 1876 in Staßfurt , † June 19, 1955 in Brannenburg am Inn) was a German phenomenologist who is located in the current of subject phenomenology and at the transition between phenomenology and analytical philosophy .

Life

After training at the Domgymnasium Magdeburg , Linke first studied with Theodor Lipps at the University of Munich from 1897 . Under his influence, Linke switched from law to philosophy and psychology and went to the University of Leipzig . There he received his doctorate in 1901 under Wilhelm Wundt with a thesis on the theory of relations by David Hume . He was an "unorthodox" student of Edmund Husserl .

Linke taught at the University of Jena from 1907 as a private lecturer in philosophy and psychology, from 1925 as an adjunct professor (associate professor , since 1918 he was allowed to carry the title). In 1946 he was personal professor ( full professor ) and 1950 emeritus . Gershom Scholem attended introductions to Husserl's logical investigations there. Linke, like other psychologists (such as Katz), continued to pursue Ewald Hering's ideas . In a 1919 letter to Linke, Gottlob Frege referred to an example by Frege to discuss the difference between sense and reference. In the 1920s, Linke engaged in experimental studies a. a. to the afterimage effect .

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Political philosophy

Linke was temporarily a member of the SPD. Even before 1933 he held seminar exercises on “Materialism and Empirio-Criticism” in Jena, which also dealt critically with texts by Lenin. Of course, he was neither a Marxist nor a materialist, but “one of the very last, oldest 'bourgeois philosophers' remaining in the GDR” "

Epistemology

Left defended transcendental philosophical theses. For example, he places Kant close to Husserl and rejects empirical appropriations. Linke then opposes Husserl's “transcendental turn”, takes an “anti-subjectivist” position and turns to “objectivist” thinkers like Franz Brentano , Bernard Bolzano and Gottlob Frege . In this sense, logic has a uniformity that the Left opposes to the "manifold expressions of human reason".

Philosophy of logic

Left has turned against psychologistic logical approaches and instead postulated an ontological foundation of logic. This is constituted by facts which are expressed by that-sentences. Truth or falsehood are properties of facts. Negation and conjunction would have an ontological meaning as “world elements”, since they correspond to being together and being separate. The most general ontological laws are the laws of logic.

Linke assumes an a priori structure of this fundamental logic. An “actual logic” must in principle be two-valued. “Multi-valued logics” are only useful working instruments, but require such “actual logics”. He turns against arguments in favor of three-valued logics. Sentences with no truth value, indexically time-bound, could also be reformulated without an indexical time reference. Chisholm contradicted this in a brief meeting note, pointing out that sentences about future events are now plausible and neither true nor false.

Linke also commented on the problem of material implication. This can be eliminated. One only has to paraphrase sentences of the form “If Jena is on the Saale, then Jena is in Germany” as follows: “Whether it is objectively true or false that Jena is located on the Saale - it is wrong that Jena is both on the Saale lies just as it does not lie in Germany. ”In a brief note, Chisholm objected that this analysis correctly captures the fact that ordinary expressions of implication relationships do not depend on the truth of the antecedent condition. A second condition of adequacy of his analysis claimed by Linke is not fulfilled, namely that in the explanans no other logical connective apart from negation and conjunction occur, because "whether it is objectively true or false that ..." is precisely such a connective.

Fonts

  • David Hume's Doctrine of Knowledge. A contribution to the theory of relations following Locke and Hume . Dissertation. Engelmann, Leipzig 1901.
  • Hume's doctrine of knowledge . In: Philosophical Studies . Volume 17, 1901, pp. 624-673.
  • Review by A. Meinong: On Assumptions . In: Quarterly journal for scientific philosophy and sociology . Volume 2, 1903, pp. 461f.
  • The phenomenal sphere . Niemeyer, Halle 1912.
  • Review by A. Meinong: About Assumptions, 2. A. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie . Volume 65, 1913, pp. 408-411.
  • Phenomenology and experiment in the question of the perception of movement . In: Husserl yearbook . Volume 2, 1916, pp. 649-668.
  • The law of phenomenology . In: Kant studies . Volume 21, 1916, pp. 163-221.
  • (Obituary) Oswald Külpe . In: Kant studies . Volume 21, 1917, pp. 343-345.
  • Investigations into the significance of object theory and phenomenology for experimental psychology . 1918.
  • Basic questions of the theory of perception . Ernst Reinhardt, Munich 1918. Review by WJH Sprott, In: Mind . New Series 39/153, 1930, pp. 82-89.
  • Self-disclosure of basic questions of the theory of perception . In: Annals of Philosophy. Volume 2, 1921, pp. 139-141.
  • The inferiority of experience in the theory of knowledge. Phenomenological marginal glosses on Hans Cornelius ' "Transcendental Systematics" . In: Kant studies . Volume 23, 1918/19, pp. 426-443.
  • Relativity and Relativism. Reflections on the theory of relativity, logic and phenomenology . In: Annals of Philosophy . Volume 2, 1921, pp. 397-438.
  • The existential theory of truth and the psychologism of validity logic . In: Kant studies . Volume 29, 1924, pp. 395-415.
  • Foreword to Leopold Hartmann: Are laws of nature changeable? Max Niemeyer, Halle 1926.
  • Socialism and philosophy . In: Socialist monthly books . Volume 33/2, 1927, pp. 104-108.
  • The victory of subjectivism [?] . In: JE Heyde (Ed.): Festschrift Johannes Rehmke on the occasion of his 80th birthday . Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1928.
  • Logic and Phenomenology . In: Edward L. Schaub (Ed.): Philosophy Today. Essays on Recent Developments in the Field of Philosophy . Ayer Publishing 1928, ISBN 0-8369-0852-X , pp. 359-392.
  • Object phenomenology . In: Philosophical notebooks . Volume 2, 1930, pp. 65-90.
  • Theory of Relativity and Psychological Time . In: Hans Israel, Erich Ruckhaber, Rudolf Weinmann (eds.): Hundred authors against Einstein . Voigtländer, Leipzig 1931, pp. 28-30. Review of the volume by Hans Reichenbach In: Vossische Zeitung . Mail issue 47, February 24, 1931
  • Understanding, Knowing, and Spirit . Leipzig 1936. Review by Howard Becker in: American Sociological Review . Volume 3/2, 1938, pp. 257-258.
  • Neo-positivism and intentionality . In: Science and Metaphysics . Brünn / Leipzig 1938, pp. 143-160.
  • Thank God Frege as a philosopher . In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 1, 1946, pp. 75–99, also with an informative introduction in: Roberto Poli (Ed.): The Brentano Puzzle . Ashgate, Aldershot 1998, pp. 49-72. Review of Linkes Text by Heinrich Scholz in: Journal of Symbolic Logic . Volume 13/3, 1948, p. 154.
  • The multi-valued logics and the truth problem . Sections 1–4. In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 3, 1949, pp. 378-398; End . In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 3, 1949, pp. 530-546. Review by Paul Bernays in: Journal of Symbolic Logic . Volume 17/4, 1952, pp. 276-277.
  • Materialism and Idealism in Philosophy . In: Universitäts-Zeitung Jena 2 (1950) 4, pp. 3–5.
  • What is logic In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 6, 1951/1952, pp. 372-398.
  • Why Philosophical Science? . In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 2 (1952/53) 2, 25–38.
  • Real and improper logic. In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 2 (1952/53) 4, pp. 53–62.
  • Scientific and unscientific attitude in philosophy. In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 2 (1952/53) 5, pp. 37–44.
  • The implication as a true if-so relationship. In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 3 (1953/54) 1, pp. 107-108.
  • What is logic Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 3 (1953/54) 2/3, pp. 179–190.
  • On the criterion of science. "Opponent" and "Enemy" in philosophical polemics. In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 3 (1953/54) 4/5, 555–557.
  • Intentionality and Transcendence. in: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (GSR) 4 (1954/55) 5/6, pp. 389–393.
  • Real and improper logic . In: Methodos . Milano, Volume 6, 1952, pp. 165-188. Review by Roderick M. Chisholm in: Journal of Symbolic Logic . Volume 22/4, 1957, pp. 383-384, jstor.org
  • Protocol of the philosophical conference on questions of logic on November 17th and 18th, 1951 in Jena . In: German magazine for philosophy . 1. Supplement, Berlin 1953, p. 122f. Controversy with Leisegang about "ways of thinking"
  • The philosophy of Franz Brentano . In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 7, 1953, pp. 89-99.
  • The implication as a true if-so relationship. Comments on the “fundamental paradoxes” of logistics . In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena . 1953, p. 107ff. Review by Roderick M. Chisholm , in: The Journal of Symbolic Logic . Volume 19/1, 1954, p. 67.
  • The indispensability of the scientific attitude in philosophy . In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 9, 1955, pp. 209-218.
  • About appearance, error, lies and deception . In: Rugard Otto Gropp (ed.): Festschrift for Ernst Bloch to. 70th birthday . Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1955, pp. 181–199.
  • Signs of decline in contemporary philosophy. Ways to overcome them . Munich / Basel 1961.
  • (From the estate) The untenability of the Aristotelian concept of truth - and the consequences . In: Journal for Philosophical Research . Volume 19/2, 1965, pp. 306-319.
  • H. Dempe (ed.): Memories from old Jena . In: Culture and history of Thuringia . Volume 3/1, 1982, pp. 79-94.

literature

  • Dempe, Hellmuth: Paul Ferdinand Linke: A life for philosophizing in the Socratic spirit . In: Journal for philosophical research 11 (1957) 2, pp. 262–275.
  • Reinhold N. Smid: "Munich Phenomenology" - On the early history of the term . In: E. Avé-Lallemant and H. Spiegelberg (eds.): Pfänder studies . The Hague 1982, pp. 109-153.
  • Uwe Dathe: The "spirit" Frege in Jena - Paul Ferdinand Linke. A contribution to Jena university history . In: Gottfried Gabriel and Uwe Dathe (eds.): Gottlob Frege. Work and effect . Mentis, Paderborn 2000, ISBN 3-89785-085-0 .
  • Oliver Sticht: The phenomenal sphere according to Paul Ferdinand Linke . In: factual logic as natural law? on the legal philosophy of Hans Welzel (1904–1977) . Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-506-73390-7 , 63-66
  • Christian Tilitzki : Jena 1925/30: The appointments of Paul F. Linke and Hans Leisegang . In: The German University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich . Akademie Verlag 2001, ISBN 3-05-003647-8 , pp. 285-290.
  • Leo Niischmann: Even thinking is planned. The "social mission" of the east-zonal "German Journal for Philosophy" . In: Die Zeit , No. 4/1955
  • Karl Schuhmann: Husserl's Yearbook . In: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research . Volume 50, Supplement, 1990, pp. 1-25.
  • Traugott Konstantin Austria: Friedrich Ueberwegs outline of the history of philosophy . Volume 4, Mittler, Berlin 1923, p. 514.
  • Robin D. Rollinger, “Paul Linke sulla filosofia scientifica e la fenomenologica dell'oggeto,” in S. Besoli and L. Guidetti, eds., Il Realismo Phenomenologico. Sulla Philosophia dei circoli di Monaco e Gottinga (Macerata: Quodlibet, 2000), 637–656.
  • Robin D. Rollinger, "Scientific Philosophy, Phenomenology, and Logic: The Approach of Paul Linke". In: The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy V (2005): 57-79.
  • Michael Eckardt: "Science needs the enemy": The beginnings of the debate between Georg Klaus and Paul Ferdinand Linke as an example of the philosophical culture of debate in the early GDR. In: Helle Panke eV (ed.): Beginning and end of East German philosophy. Studies on the work of Ernst Bloch, Wolfgang Harich, Georg Klaus and other philosophers in the GDR (Philosophical Conversations, Volume 47). Helle Panke eV, Berlin, pp. 47-60.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Spiegelberg , Karl Schuhmann (Ed.): The phenomenological movement: A historical introduction . Springer, 1981, ISBN 90-247-2535-6 .
  2. ↑ Klaus-Michael Kodalle: Fear of Modernity: Philosophical Answers to Crisis Experiences . Königshausen & Neumann, 2000, ISBN 3-8260-1919-9 .
  3. ^ Barry Smith : Introduction to Adolf Reinach On the Theory of the Negative Judgment. In: Barry Smith (Ed.): Parts and Moments. Studies in Logic and Formal Ontology. Philosophia 1982, pp. 289–313, 309. (PDF) ( Memento of the original dated June 16, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stephankinsella.com
  4. ↑ a b Gerschom Scholem : From Berlin to Jerusalem . Frankfurt / M. 1994, p. 114.
  5. ↑ Gerschom Scholem: Walter Benjamin. Frankfurt am Main 1975, pp. 65f.
  6. ↑ Basic questions of the theory of perception. P. 3.
  7. ^ Gottlob Frege : Scientific correspondence. P. 156.
  8. ^ Rüdiger Stutz, Uwe Hoßfeld: Jena profile change . In: Werner Buchholz (Ed.): The University of Greifswald and the German university landscape in the 19th and 20th centuries . Franz Steiner, 2004, ISBN 3-515-08475-4 , pp. 217-270, 230f.
  9. ↑ George Leaman, Gerd Simon a. a .: SD about philosophy professors  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 144 kB) p. 32.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / homepages.uni-tuebingen  
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Harich, Martin Morgenstern (Ed.): Nicolai Hartmann - Size and Limits . Königshausen & Neumann, 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2432-X , p. 84.
  11. ↑ Hans-Christoph Rauh: On the philosophical problem situation and representation of the Marxist-Leninist epistemology within the framework of the GDR philosophy (1945–1988) . In: Heinz Eidam, Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik, Martin Blumentritt u. a. (Ed.): Critical Philosophy of Social Practice . Königshausen & Neumann, 1995, ISBN 3-8260-1011-6 , pp. 251-264, 255.
  12. ↑ The law of phenomenology ; see. David S. Ferris (Ed.): Walter Benjamin: Theoretical Questions . Stanford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-8047-2569-1 , p. 222.
  13. ^ Sven Schlotter: The totality of culture: Philosophical thinking and political action in Bruno Bauch. Königshausen & Neumann, 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2749-3 , p. 46f.
  14. ↑ Understanding, Knowing, and Spirit. P. 24f.
  15. ↑ What is logic? lc, here after Chisholm short note in: The Journal of Symbolic Logic. 19/1 (1954), p. 65.
  16. ↑ Authentic and improper logic. lc
  17. ↑ Review of proper and improper logic. lc
  18. ↑ The implication. lc
  19. ↑ Chisholm, Review of "The Implication ...", lc
personal data
SURNAME Linke, Paul F.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Linke, Paul Ferdinand (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German phenomenologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Staßfurt
DATE OF DEATH June 19, 1955
Place of death Brannenburg am Inn