Hans Cornelius

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Portrait of Hans Cornelius by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz , November 1937.

Hans Cornelius (born September 27, 1863 in Munich , † August 23, 1947 in Graefelfing ) was a German philosopher, psychologist and educator. He was a professor at the University of Frankfurt am Main .

Live and act

Hans (Johannes Wilhelm) Cornelius was the son of the Old Catholic historian Carl Adolph Cornelius and his wife Elisabeth, née Simrock. From 1876 to 1880 (Abitur) he attended the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich , among others with Philipp von Hellingrath . He had been friends with Heinrich Wölfflin since his school days and later also with Maria Gundrum .

He then studied mathematics, physics and chemistry and painting at Heinrich Knirr's private school in Munich at the Universities of Munich, Berlin and Leipzig. In 1886 he obtained his doctorate as a chemist and habilitated as a philosopher in Munich in 1894. From 1886 to 1889 he held an assistant position to Professor Adolf von Baeyer (chemistry), but then turned exclusively to philosophy. From 1904 he taught as a lecturer in philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . In the summer semester of 1907 and in the winter semester of 1907/08 he gave lectures in style at the arts and crafts school in Munich . Since 1910 Cornelius taught philosophy at the Frankfurt Academy for Social and Commercial Sciences and in 1914 was appointed first professor for philosophy at the newly founded University in Frankfurt am Main. In 1928 Cornelius retired; His successor as full professor for philosophy and sociology was Paul Tillich in 1929. Because of the Jewish origin of his (third) wife, he was deleted from the course catalog in 1937.

Cornelius made trips to Italy and Sweden and was also active as a painter and sculptor. In Munich he taught at the training workshops for fine and applied arts, which were directed by Emil Preetorius; the teaching operation was reorganized according to his information. At the suggestion of his former pupil Max Horkheimer, an exhibition took place in his house in Graefelfing in 1950, in which paintings and sculptures by the artist Hans Cornelius were shown in connection with a memorial service. In 1957, another commemorative exhibition of his work took place in the Schöninger Gallery in Munich.

Cornelius' philosophy, which proceeded from Mach's epistemology and Kant's transcendental philosophy , wanted to radicalize Kant's a priorism and also to gain the categorical mechanisms, which in Kant were deduced from the unity of consciousness, solely from the analysis of the directly given. Cornelius sought to clarify the central Humean concepts of the thing, causality and person for the unity of consciousness beyond their salvation by Kant. In doing so, he came to a new understanding of the essence of consciousness by elevating the concept of gestalt to a philosophical fundamental category through which idealism and materialism were paradoxically interwoven.

Cornelius exerted great influence on Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno , whose philosophical teacher he was. Horkheimer received his doctorate summa cum laude in 1922 and his habilitation in 1925. Adorno received his doctorate in 1924 on Husserl's phenomenology . Cornelius exhibited a culturally pessimistic streak that both later shared.

Cornelius, who was a consistent opponent of the First World War, joined the SPD in 1918 and in the 1920s presented the plan for a European confederation . He supported the idea of ​​a League of Nations in his book League of Nations and Permanent Peace (1919).

In 1887, Hans Cornelius married Emilie (Mia) von Dessauer (1862–1946), a daughter of the doctor and founder of the German hospital in Valparaiso, Heinrich von Dessauer (1830–1879), and in 1915 his second marriage was Ingeborg Karlson (1894–1924) from Liljeholmen near Stockholm and in 1925 in third marriage Friedrike Rosenthal, widowed Reissner (1886–1939). In 1941 he went into a fourth marriage with Hedwig Krämer, widowed Drechsel (* 1896). Four children came from the first marriage: the future geologist Hans Peter Cornelius , Wolfgang (* 1890), Friedrich (1893–1976) and Evi (* 1894). The second marriage had two sons, Yngor [Yngve] (* 1921) and Hans Wolfgang Amadeus (1923–2013).

Fonts

  • Attempt of a theory of existential judgments, Rieger, Munich 1894
  • Psychology as empirical science, Teubner, Leipzig, Berlin 1897
  • Cromwell. H. Behrendt in commission, Bonn 1900
  • Principles and teaching tasks for elementary drawing lessons. Teubner, Leipzig, 1901
  • Elementary Laws of the Fine Arts. Basics of practical aesthetics. With 240 illustrations in the text and 13 plates. Leipzig, Teubner, 1908 (2nd edition 1911; 3rd increased edition 1921; 4th edition, Berlin 1921)
  • Cornelius, Hans / Reisinger, Ernst / Kerschensteiner, Georg: Task and design of the higher schools. Three lectures. Munich, South German Monthly Issues 1910
  • Introduction to Philosophy, Teubner, Leipzig, Berlin 1903; 2nd edition 1911
  • Transcendental systematics. Investigations to establish the theory of knowledge. Reinhardt, Munich 1916
  • League of Nations and Permanent Peace, Series: Errors and Demands, Munich 1919
  • Art education. Guiding principles for the organization of artistic education. Rentsch, Erlenbach-Zurich 1920
  • Life and Teaching [autobiography]. Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1921 (with portrait), in: The German philosophy of the present in self-portrayals. Vol. 2, pp. 81-99
  • Of the value of life. WA Adam, Hanover 1923
  • Speech given by Hans Cornelius at the Kantfeier of the University of Frankfurt on May 11, 1924. Werner u. Winter, Frankfurt M. 1924. University of Frankfurt / M .: Frankfurt University Speeches 15
  • Basics of epistemology. Transcendental Systematics, 2nd edition, Reinhardt, Munich 1926
  • Commentary on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, publ. D. Phil. Academy, Erlangen 1926
  • The task of education derived from the ethical and political duties of the human being, in: Erziehungswissenschaftliche Arbeit 7. Pedagogical Magazine 1208. Beyer, Langensalza 1928

The philosophical system of Hans Cornelius (own overall presentation). Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1934. From: German systematic philosophy after its designers; Vol. 2

Secondary literature

  • Hedwig Cornelius:  Cornelius, Johannes Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 362 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Rud. Eisler (Ed.): Philosopher Lexicon (1912)
  • Max Horkheimer: Hans Cornelius. On his 60th birthday , in: Frankfurter Zeitung , 68 vol., No. 715, September 27, 1923, again in: ders., Gesammelte Schriften, Vol. 2, ed. by Gunzelin Schmid Noerr , Frankfurt a. M. 1987, p. 149 ff.
  • Hermann Degener (Ed.): Who is it ?, 9th edition, Leipzig 1928
  • Wilhelm Kosch (Ed.): The Catholic Germany. Biographical-Bibliographical Lexicon. Haas & Grabherr Literary Institute, Augsburg 1933 (photo)
  • Art and the beautiful home 56, 1957/58, supplement, p. 58
  • Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century . Volume 5, supplementary volume. EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961
  • Robin D. Rollinger: Husserl and Cornelius , in: Husserl Studies 8 (1991), pp. 33-56; again in: Robin D. Rollinger: Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object , Frankfurt a. M. 2008, pp. 189-220
  • General Artist Lexicon (AKL), Vol. 21, de Gruyter, Berlin 1998
  • Matthias Wolfes :  Hans Cornelius. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 16, Bautz, Herzberg 1999, ISBN 3-88309-079-4 , Sp. 326-331.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Siegfried Weiß : Art career aspiration. Painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Former students of the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich from 1849 to 1918 . Allitera Verlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-86906-475-8 , pp. 446–451 (photo)

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Annual report on the K. Maximilians-Gymnasium in Munich for the school year 1867/77 (until 1879/80)
  2. ^ Dorothea Roth: Friendship with Heinrich Wölfflin and Maria Gundrum. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Vol. 96, 1966, pp. 171–180. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  3. ↑ About the synthesis of dioxyphenyl acetic acid and orcine, Munich 1886. 24 pp., 8 °, archive link ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / quart_ifk.bsb-muenchen.de
  4. ^ Claudia Schmalhofer: The Kgl. Kunstgewerbeschule Munich (1868–1918) Your influence on the training of drawing teachers. Utz, Munich 2005. ISBN 978-3-8316-0542-2 , p. 308, no. 15
  5. ↑ Münchner Merkur, No. 205, August 26, 1952
personal data
SURNAME Cornelius, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher, psychologist and educator
DATE OF BIRTH September 27, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH August 23, 1947
Place of death Graefelfing