Maximiliansgymnasium Munich

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Maximiliansgymnasium Munich
Maximiliansgymnasium.jpg
School yard of the Maximiliansgymnasium
type of school high school
School number 0176
founding 1849
address

(Karl-Theodor-Straße 9
80803 Munich)
Temporarily until summer 2022:
Oettingenstraße 78
80538 Munich

place Munich
country Bavaria
Country Germany
Coordinates 48 ° 9 '53 "  N , 11 ° 35' 5"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 9 '53 "  N , 11 ° 35' 5"  E
carrier state
student 673 (school year 2018/19)
Teachers 52
management Thomas Bednar
Website www.maxgym.musin.de

The Maximiliansgymnasium Munich ( “Max” for short ) is a co-educational humanistic high school in the Munich district of Schwabing . The third oldest grammar school in the city is also a European grammar school , which is why in addition to the compulsory ancient language lessons in Latin (from the fifth grade) and ancient Greek (from the eighth grade) also in English (from the sixth grade) and Spanish (optional from the tenth grade) and the natural sciences are given special attention.

The school building is registered as a monument in the Bavarian List of Monuments .

principal

The current headmaster is the previous deputy Thomas Bednar, who replaced Hans Orgeldinger on February 14, 2020.

location

The Max is located in the Schwabing district of Munich , Karl-Theodor-Straße 9. The high school building steps back from the Münchner Freiheit , with which it originally formed a recognizable unit, behind a green area, today sports facilities .

history

Of King Maximilian II. Of Bavaria of was in the course of humanism on May 12, 1849 in addition to the Wilhelms and Ludwigsgymnasium the Royal Maximilians-Gymnasium founded as a third Munich Gymnasium. On October 15 of the same year, school operations began in the former Carmelite monastery in Maxburgstrasse, which also housed the New Gymnasium, now known as the Ludwigsgymnasium . On May 1, 1870, the school moved to the central section of the new women's monastery building at Ludwigstrasse  14, which the state rented from the women's monastery at St. Anna. The Max had to share this building opposite the Bavarian State Library with the Realgymnasium founded in 1864 (later the Oskar-von-Miller-Gymnasium ). For the conditions at the time, the school was already 'outside', at least "one complained about the location of the school at a distance from the center of town".

A severe shortage of space became increasingly noticeable towards the end of the 19th century, when additional classrooms had to be rented for the more than 700 students at times. In addition, the increasing "street noise from trams, automobiles, etc." was noticeable. On May 23, 1909, the State Ministry for Church and School Affairs therefore ordered the Max and Realgymnasium to be relocated to a new building. A plot of land in Schwabing on the outskirts of the city at that time was designated as the building site, part of the area between Leopold- , Karl-Theodor- and Siegfriedstraße, on which the royal state stud was previously housed. Two streets - Morawitzky and Sturystraße - were newly laid out to separate the building block from the stud. Under the direction of building department assessor Karl Höpfel, the new building for around 1,500 students was built between 1910 and 1912; the total cost was 1,500,000 marks including interior furnishings. On December 6, 1912, today's school building was inaugurated and teaching could be relocated there.

But the school couldn't look forward to the beautiful new building for long; During the First World War , the building was confiscated by the army command and occupied with troops for five years. From October 1918 to April 1919 it also served as a hospital . During this time, school operations were relocated to the Ludwigsgymnasium, where the Max had started. The two high schools held their classes alternately in the morning and in the afternoon, with weekly shifts being swapped. The upper classes were soon dissolved or added to the Ludwigsgymnasium because the students were called up or voluntarily went to war. In the hard winter of 1916/1917, the school had to be partially closed completely. After the military hospital was closed, troops of the council government occupied the school building in April and May 1919 . They were eventually expelled by government troops of the Lützow Freikorps , who then quartered themselves. There were no classes during this time.

During the National Socialist era , the basement was converted into an air raid shelter . In 1941 the house was again converted into a military hospital, while the students were quartered in the building part of the secondary school. As in the First World War, teaching was now held every half day with a weekly change from morning to afternoon shift. A huge extinguishing water basin was created in the school yard. Regular teaching was soon no longer possible. The majority of the lower four classes moved to the Kinderlandverschickungslager in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1941 , the rest of the upper three classes were distributed to other Munich schools - only the middle classes remained, who were mainly deployed as flak helpers . In the school year 1942/1943, the schoolhouse was badly damaged in an air raid: the top floor of the north building burned out completely, and the rest of the roof was also badly damaged.

After the end of the war, refugees of various nationalities were quartered in Max for several weeks . Because of the bitter cold, they were forced to burn most of the interior, rendering the rest almost completely unusable. Only the library, the natural material collection and most of the physical devices were saved. On December 12, 1945, the school was able to resume "at 10 degrees Celsius and without heating", but it was not until four years later, from September 1, 1949, that lessons took place again in the own building. The school was able to celebrate the completion of the reconstruction work in the same year together with its 100th anniversary.

The largest construction since the gutting of the building in the 1970s found in 2002 instead and served to build a computer system at the school: Since the school is networked so that from every class and subject areas via computer on the internal network of schools of Max access can. For the duration of the renovation of the school building, lessons will take place from the 2018/19 school year in a container building on the corner of Tivolistraße - Oettingenstraße near the English Garden ; this alternative quarter had previously been used by the Wilhelmsgymnasium . The renovation work should be completed by the beginning of the school year 2022/23.

"Max and Oskar"

A loving and playful hostility to tradition connects the Max with the neighboring Oskar-von-Miller-Gymnasium . That both schools do not mean it badly can be seen from the fact that they also traditionally stick together closely and cooperate very well, for example when it comes to setting up advanced courses in the college level . Since the beginning of the 1990s it has been part of everyday school life for Maxler and Oscar students that upper-class pupils commute across the schoolyard to attend individual courses at the neighboring school.

The publisher Ernst Heimeran , who attended the neighboring secondary school in the 1910s, describes in his student memories teachers that we already had the lively competition between secondary school students and the Maxlers , which was manifested above all in the demarcation line that cut through the schoolyard: “Ours Real- was assembled in the shape of a horseshoe with the humanistic Max-Gymnasium, a beautiful symbol of educational harmony. The courtyard served both institutions together, but an imaginary line separated the humanistic part from the real part of equal size. That seemed unfair to us insofar as we were the larger institution; On our side there was a crush during the break, while on the other side the humanists were provocatively relaxed. It would therefore probably have been wiser to allow a mixture of the two intellectual sexes. [...] But there was now this demarcation line, this artificial, invisible and invisible border, from the jump pit over the well to the twin-sucking Lupa over the courtyard gate, and it was naturally stimulating. "

building

The building complex, which not only houses the Maximilians but also the Oskar-von-Miller-Gymnasium (OvMG), together with the Erlöserkirche, built in 1899–1901, forms a provisional endpoint of the important north axis of Munich from the center via Ludwig- to Leopoldstraße. In the shape of a horseshoe, it encloses a spacious schoolyard with access from Karl-Theodor-Strasse, which runs to the north. An archway, crowned by a replica of the Capitoline she-wolf with Romulus and Remus , delimits the courtyard to the north. In the east main wing is the Max , in the west the Oskar ; the classrooms are located on the east side of both wings. Music and drawing rooms as well as the specialist rooms for physics, chemistry and biology can be found in the northern part. The two schools are architecturally connected by the south wing of the building block that houses the two gyms.

The dominant line of the entire assembly is the horizontal, which, however, is livened up by a slightly curved curve in the floor plan. Strong verticals create the architectural balance, in addition to the stepped gable with roof turret, above all the 48 meter high tower of the OvM as a Schwabing landmark that can be seen from afar. The school building can also be seen from afar because of its color, a friendly, shining ocher yellow.

A monumental flight of stairs, flanked by two stone lions, leads to the entrance loggia of the Max . There are three plaques above their arched fields, which show the construction of the building under Prince Regent Luitpold as well as relief busts depicting the Prince Regent and King Maximilian II as the founder of the grammar school. A lunarium is installed in the high gable triangle.

Karl Höpfel writes about his building: “The architect's endeavor was not only to fully emphasize the practical and simple, which seems appropriate in new high school buildings, but also to attach due weight to the architectural beauty within the available means; he was aware that from these institutions should emerge bearers of national culture who, in addition to the attainment of appropriate knowledge and ability in their youth, should also have gained a solid sense of the value of the beautiful, which did not regard it as a non-interest-bearing luxury which only causes expenses, but which is much more suitable to contribute to the happiness and vitality of people to a large extent. [...] Therefore, above all, any barracks had to be banished from the inside and outside of the assembly. "

The result was impressive: "After its completion, the Maximiliansgymnasium was rightly considered the most beautiful and modern state school building in Munich."

The building as a location

The school building of the Maxgymnasium became known to a wider audience in the late 1960s and early 1970s as the setting for the comedy series Die Lümmel von der Erste Bank . It was also used as a location for the episodes On the Timetable Murder and Death of a Schoolgirl from the series The Commissioner and for the Derrick episode The Day After the Murder . In the summer of 2012, recordings of the movie Spieltrieb were made at Maximiliansgymnasium .

Directors of the Maximiliansgymnasium

  1. Karl Felix Halm (1809–1882), director 1849–1856
  2. Johann Georg Beilhack (1802–1864), director 1856–1864
  3. Anton Linsmayer (1827–1886), director 1865–1886
  4. Nikolaus Wecklein (1843–1926), director 1886–1913
  5. Gustav Landgraf (1857–1932), director 1913–1924
  6. Ernst Bodensteiner (1869–1936), director 1924–1934
  7. Ernst Kemmer, director 1934–1938
  8. Ludwig Hasenclever (1881–1946), director 1938–1944
  9. Andreas Schwerd (1883–1966), director 1945–1951
  10. Hans Lindemann, director 1951–1960
  11. Ludwig Voit (1906–2001), director 1961–1972
  12. Ludwig Lillig (1920–1998), director 1972–1983
  13. Josef Erb (* 1925), director 1983–1988
  14. Winfried Bauer (* 1946), director 1988–2000
  15. Siegfried Huber (* 1944), director 2000-2007
  16. Hans Orgeldinger, Director 2007–2020
  17. Thomas Bednar, Director, since 2020

Well-known students and teachers

The two Nobel Prize winners that the school produced are of outstanding importance in the history of the school: Max Planck and Werner Heisenberg . In politics, the Prime Ministers Franz Josef Strauss (Bavaria) and Bernhard Vogel (Rhineland-Palatinate and Thuringia) and Federal Justice Minister Richard Jaeger achieved outstanding positions. An example of an extremely successful artist is the former student Michael Ende . A former student in recent times is the well-known television presenter Antje Pieper .

Association of Friends

The Association of Friends of the Maximilians-Gymnasium in Munich developed from meetings of former students, which was institutionalized as an association in 1951. It sees itself as a sponsoring association that supports the school through donations as well as ideally to the best of its ability, and is made up of former students, teachers and student parents who feel connected to "Max".

literature

  • Winfried Bauer (Hrsg.): Chronicle 150 years Maximiliansgymnasium: 1849–1999 . Self-published, Munich 1999.
  • Winfried Bauer: Chronicle of the Maximiliansgymnasium. According to the school's annual reports and commemorative publications . In: Winfried Bauer (Hrsg.): Chronicle 150 years Maximiliansgymnasium: 1849–1999 . Self-published, Munich 1999, p. 8-70 .
  • Ernst Heimeran: teachers we had . Heimeran, Munich 1954.
  • Karl Höpfel: The new buildings of the Kgl. Maximilians- und Realgymnasiums: built 1911–1912 . Bruckmann, Munich 1915.
  • Maximiliansgymnasium Munich (Hrsg.): Program of the Maximiliansgymnasium Munich . Munich (1850–1920). ( Digitized version )
  • Werner Meier: 125 years of Maximiliansgymnasium, Munich. Review, outlook. A documentation. Self-published, Munich 1975.
  • Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein (Hrsg.): Bavaria and the ancient world. 150 years of Maximilians-Gymnasium in Munich . CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44995-6 .
  • Hans Scharold: 100 years of Maximilians-Gymnasium (1849–1949): A contribution to the history of the high school in Bavaria. With an appendix: Report on the course of the festival. Manz AG (not published [Munich], not published [1949]).
  • Hermann Schmidl: Major overhaul of the Maximiliansgymnasium 1977–1982 . In: Photo yearbook Maxgymnasium '87 . Self-published, Munich 1987, p. 102-103 .
  • High school and science. Ceremony for the centenary of the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich. Printed as a manuscript . Noerdlingen 1949.
  • Siegfried Weiß: The Maximiliansgymnasium building is 75 years old . In: Photo yearbook Maxgymnasium '87 . Self-published, Munich 1987, p. 94-98 .
  • Siegfried Weiß : Art career aspiration. Painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Former students of the Munich Maximiliansgymnasium from 1849 to 1918. Allitera Verlag, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-475-8 (Fig.).

Web links

Commons : Maximiliansgymnasium München  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture, Science and Art. Retrieved April 29, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Höpfel, p. 3
  3. ↑ a b Höpfel, p. 4
  4. ^ Bauer, Chronik, p. 36
  5. ↑ Deser, Informatik - Computervernetzung am Max in: Huber (Hrsg.), Fotojahrbuch 2003 , p. 108.
  6. ↑ Sebastian Krass: Munich's oldest grammar school looks like new (Fig. 8). In: www.sueddeutsche.de. July 31, 2018, accessed December 7, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Heimeran, p. 79 f.
  8. ↑ Höpfel, Neubauten, p. 6
  9. ↑ Scharold, 100 Years, p. 75
  10. ↑ lout Bank: Shooting location: Maximiliansgymnasium Munich
  11. ↑ styleonemagazin.de: Spieltrieb: Michelle Barthel and Jannik Schümann convince in a game about love, urges, sex and power that is getting out of control ( Memento from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Torsten Lorenz, July 24, 2013.
  12. ↑ a b c About us. Maximiliansgymnasium - humanistic grammar school (PDF file). Brochure of the Maximiliansgymnasium Munich (accessed on October 12, 2017).