Bourbon house contract

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The Bourbon house contract , more often referred to as the Bourbon Family Pact (literal equivalent), was an alliance between the Bourbon houses in France and Spain, including the Bourbon branch lines of Sicily and Parma. In fact, it was more of a political and military alliance than a dynastic house law , and there were actually three such pacts (1733, 1743, 1761).

First and second family pacts

Although the French Bourbons had ruled the Spanish throne since 1700 with the grandson of Louis XIV , Philip V , it was 1718 a. a. Because of the succession in France ( Cellamare conspiracy ) and Spanish claims in Italy, a war between France and Spain briefly came about . After the failure of the Spanish attempts to assert themselves in Italy alone, at the beginning of the War of the Polish Succession, the Bourbon kings of France and Spain finally concluded an assistance pact directed primarily against Great Britain and Austria-Habsburg in 1733, which brought the Spanish Bourbons in Sicily and Naples. After another Spanish-British war and during another Franco-Austrian war , a second Bourbon family pact was therefore concluded in 1743, which included the Spanish branch line Naples-Sicily.

Third family pact

Under the impression of the Seven Years' War , this contract was renewed on August 15, 1761 in Paris by the French Foreign Minister Étienne-François de Choiseul and the Spanish Minister of State Jerónimo Grimaldi . In it, the contracting parties assured each other of their respective possessions and agreed to mutual aid in the event of a war, especially against Great Britain. Portugal also was asked to be connected to the family pact since King Joseph I with a daughter of Philip V. was married. Portugal, however, was traditionally and firmly allied with Great Britain. The Spanish and French troops invading Portugal after Joseph's rejection were repulsed in 1762 with British help ( Guerra Fantástica ).

Successor contracts

The Treaty of Aranjuez, signed in 1779, through which Spain entered the American Revolutionary War on the French side , is sometimes referred to as the fourth family pact. After the French Revolution , Spain and Naples-Sicily joined the first anti-revolutionary coalition against France in 1792 to defeat the Bourbon King Louis XVI in France . to bring back to power.

literature

  • Klaus-Jörg Ruhl: Spain-PLOETZ - Spanish and Portuguese history to look up , page 113. Freiburg / Würzburg 1986