Brunswick post mark
Postage stamps and postmarks from Braunschweig are an independent area of Old Germany within philately . The first Brunswick postage stamp appeared on January 1, 1852; the issue of own postage stamps ceased on December 31, 1867. There were postmarks before; This article is about historical postmarks of the city of Braunschweig and the state of the Duchy of Braunschweig .
Brunswick post mark
In addition to the postage stamps, the postmarks are of particular importance to the collector of the old German postal area Braunschweig . Posting stamps are collected as well as the many secondary stamps.
Posting stamps serve as proof of where the letter was posted. Despite many reminders to the post office officials, the stamps are not always clean, much to the chagrin of collectors. Of course, postmarks also serve practical purposes. In times when the tariffs for mail were still calculated according to distance and weight, they were mainly used to determine postage . The transport fee was usually still collected from the recipient. It was considered an insult to pay postage in advance; It was said that the recipient was considered too poor to raise this amount.
On letters from the 16th to 19th centuries you can often find elaborate flourish addresses, but usually without postal notes. The rule is that the richer the flourishes, the older the letter.
The letters, with their peculiarities, were entered individually in the letter entry book and on the card. Such a card was produced for each mailbag, de-mapped when changing to a different Felleisen and forwarded. In the further development, these notes were also transferred to the postal address in the upper right corner. Heavy letters were marked with the weight and at the bottom left the postage to be paid and / or a note on the type of transport (Franco, Citisime for urgent or even "†††" as a threat).
In the further development, there were also handwritten postal addresses, with and without a date. Handwritten information such as “de Bronsvic” or “de Braunschweig” can be found on addresses from the city of Braunschweig. According to Bade, it can be assumed that these are letters or parcel addresses from Thurn und Taxisschen Post. Handwritten task information can be found in almost all places in the Principality of Braunschweig .
From 1781 a one-liner “Braunschweig” can be found for Braunschweig until after 1840 in very different forms and scripts.
Royal Westphalian Post
In the General Circular (44) of September 23, 1808, the Kgl. Westphalian Post announces the introduction of postmarks. The post offices " will gradually receive four stamps and seals ... The seal, the ordinary and Franco stamps do not require any explanation ... The rate of the franked letters is always noted on the back ... The stamp" Charge " is placed on the complained or reclaimed letters on the side of the inscription, the tax is noted on the back and the Franco stamp is added to the side of the charge stamp ... The stamp "Déboursé" (expenses) is sent to another bureau on the back of this sent letters or packages printed; the same type of procedure also applies to chaged (complained) letters; you use this stamp as often as letters or parcels are returned ”.
Many of the Braunschweig post offices received postmarks for the first time, one of the many positive changes that the French influence had on the post in Germany. In addition to the two-line "Braunschweig / day (in numbers) month (in letters)" there was a postage stamp when the postage was paid in full. A "Déboursés" (expenses) stamp for calculating the postage for misdirected items or the postage expenses (postage accrued up to then, such as that from abroad, from the border, etc.), and a "Charge" stamp for with money complained (money mail) or registered mail. Several stamps must have been purchased, in any case there are different discounts. This stamp form is partially proven until 1852.
Other post offices in the area of the now occupied Principality of Braunschweig existed in Ammensen / Mühlenbeck , Bahrdorf , Bevern , Blankenburg , Calvörde , Eschershausen , Fürstenberg an der Weser , Gandersheim , Greene , Halle an der Weser , Hasselfelde , Helmstedt , Hessen am Fallstein , Holzminden , Immendorf , Königslutter , Lutter am Barenberge , Ottenstein , Schöningen , Schöppenstedt , Seesen , Stadtoldendorf , Vorsfelde , Wickensen , Wolfenbüttel and Zorge .
In the autumn of 1813 the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia was finally initiated. On October 28, 1813, the Allied Russians were the first to enter Kassel.
Duke Braunschweigische Landespost
The first stamp of the Braunschweigische Post, a round stamp with a circle and two lines "Braunschweig / month (in letters) and day (in numbers)", is known between 1819 and 1824 with a different rosette. The old stamps were only replaced by the new stamp shape when they were worn out or when the need was increased.
The next stamp form was a text sheet stamp with a line “Braunschweig / day and month (in digits)” between 1828 and 1857. It is likely that it is a Westphalian stamp. Since 1842 it has been supplemented by a small elliptical stamp with the time when the task was posted.
In 1841 a new stamp shape was added. The two-circle tendon stamp was in use until the end of the Braunschweigische Post. Between 1843, possibly as early as 1842, and 1856, a somewhat smaller stamp of the same form "Braunschweig EBH" was used for the postal expedition at the new station.
In 1855 a rectangular stamp with two lines "Braunschweig / date, asterisk and time (each in digits)" was introduced, the use of which is known until 1863. The model of this stamp cannot be determined, it could have been based on the Prussian stamp shape or the stamp of the railway administration.
On January 1, 1852, the Duchy of Braunschweig issued its own postage stamps. On December 5, 1851 Braunschweig became a member of the German-Austrian Post Association. The "poor cancellation of the stamps" was reprimanded as early as the next month.
In the “Circular of the Ducal Railway and Post Office” of April 17, 1856, it says about the introduction of a number stamp , the so-called Rostrautenstempel : “ The stamps have the shape of a square with parallel lines in the middle of a space in which a number is located is located ". A number was assigned to each post office. The Braunschweiger Hof post office was given the number “8” and the railway post office was given the number “9”, a total of 48 post offices had to be supplied.
The stamps used later in Braunschweig were introduced by the Reichspost.
Round stamp with circle and two lines
Text sheet stamp "Braunschweig" on sales cover
Two circle stamp "Braunschweig"
Two circle stamp "Braunschweig"
Rectangular stamps and rust-diamond stamps
Rust diamond stamp "8" and two-circle stamp
Rust diamond cancel "9" on a location letter
Rust diamond stamp "6" from Vechelde registered letter in the mail organization, franked
Parcel cover letter
Single circle post office 2, at the train station and rectangular stamp "From the mailbox"
Single circle post office 1
Single circle stamp "F" postage stamp
literature
- ^ Michel catalog Germany 1999/2000 (paperback), publisher: Schwaneberger Verlag GmbH (1999), ISBN 3-87858-028-2 .
- Bade, Henri: “333 Years of the Braunschweigische Post”, Braunschweig 1960, Karl Pfankuch & Co.
- Anderson, Hans-Joachim: "The designation of the postmark forms" Düsseldorf 1970, postmark guild "Rhein-Donau e. V. "(The attempt of the Federation of German Philatelists to achieve uniformity in the stamp descriptions)
- Steven, Werner: "Overview of the postal relevant Braunschweig Circulars, laws and ordinances, from 1807 to 1867" Braunschweig 2006, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Braunschweig and Hanover.
See also
- Postal history and postage stamps Braunschweig's Brief Postal History, including the domestic postal tariffs
- Braunschweiger Postanstalten The post offices of the city of Braunschweig and the incorporated places
- Braunschweigische Finanzgesetze The finance laws in the Duchy of Braunschweig
- Braunschweigische Münzgeschichte The common coins in the Duchy
- Post route Braunschweig – Calvörde (Bahrdorf, Calvörde, apprenticeship, Velpke, Vorsfelde)
- Postal route Braunschweig – Helmstedt – Magdeburg (Helmstedt, Hessen am Fallstein, Groß Winningstedt, Jerxheim, Königslutter, Schöningen, Schöppenstedt),
- Post route Braunschweig – Blankenburg (Blankenburg, Braunlage, Hasselfelde, Hohegeiß, Rübeland, Tanne, Walkenried, Zorge)
- Postal route Wolfenbüttel – Harzburg (Börßum, Harzburg, Immendorf, Lesse, Oker, Salder, Wolfenbüttel)
- Post route Braunschweig – Hildesheim (Bettmar, Vechelde, Thedinghausen)
- Postal route Braunschweig – Göttingen (Badenhausen, Barum and Klein-Rhüden, Bodenburg, Delligsen, Gandersheim, Gittelde, Greene and Kreisensen, Langelsheim, Lutter am Barenberg, Mühlenbeck, Naenesen, Seesen)
- Post route Braunschweig – Holzminden (Amelunxborn, Bevern, Bisperode, Eschershausen, Fürstenberg, Halle on the Weser, Holzminden, Hehlen, Mainzholzen, Ottenstein, Stadtoldendorf, Vorwohle, Wickensen).
- Rayon stamp