Post route Braunschweig – Blankenburg

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The Braunschweig – Blankenburg postal route was set up as a moving post and initially ran once a week. It connected the places Braunschweig and Blankenburg with each other by post. This article describes the development of the postal system in the places Braunlage , Hasselfelde , Hohegeiß , Rübeland , Tanne , Walkenried and Zorge , which were served by this mail .

Extract of the postcard from the Prussian State 1828

Driving mail

“The Braunschweigische Post goes from Blankenburg to the mountains in Hasselfelde. Here the post is divided to Stollberg, Eisleben and Leipzig, to Ilefeld and Nordhausen, or via Trautenstein, Hohegeiß and Zorge to Walkenried. From Hasselfelde there is a road to Elbingerode, but the post office does not use it. The Halberstädtische Poststraße goes through Wernigerode and Elbingerode to Tanne, then via Benniktenstein into Walkenriedsche and Hohensteinsche. From Blankenburg over the Schieferberg to Elbingerode, partly to Hüttenrode, Neuwerk and Rübeland over the country and fir.

A very strange military road is the one that was broken through the mountains 30 years ago for freight from Braunschweig to Saxony. The 'Neue Straße' climbs from Harzburg in three hours to Brockenkrug in Oderbrück. Here the road divides to Braunlage, or over the Oderteichdamm to Andreasberg and Clausthal as well as over Oderbrück in the valley of the cold Bode to Schierke. To Braunlage the main road is divided again to Tanne, Stollberg and Saxony, as well as to Hohegeiß, Rothehütte and Nordhausen, always leads past customs. "

At the beginning of 1700 the Oberpostamt in Leipzig tried to establish a postal connection with Hamburg. Together with Braunschweig and Hanover, the “yellow carriages” have been traveling from Braunschweig via Hesse, Blankenburg, Hasselfelde (from here with the unified Nuremberg carriage) via Stolberg, Erfurt and Merseburg to Leipzig since 1718 . In Braunschweig the Herzogliche Küchenpost was in contact with Hamburg.

Blankenburg

Early postmark from Blankenburg

As early as 1600 there was a postal connection from Braunschweig via Halberstadt and Blankenburg to Leipzig. A Braunschweig post office was set up in 1722. In addition, there was a Thurn and Taxis post office in Blankenburg until 1790. Different single-line postmarks are known from this period.

“The city of Blankenburg has a post office that takes care of the post that arrives twice a week. The letters are sent to Halberstadt, Quedlinburg and Wernigerode by postmen. The postman who drives the yellow voucher from Blankenburg to Hasselfelde enjoys the freedom of constribution ” .

At the beginning of 1700 the Oberpostamt in Leipzig tried to establish a postal connection with Hamburg. Together with Braunschweig and Hanover, the “yellow carriages” have been traveling from Braunschweig via Hesse, Blankenburg, Hasselfelde (from here with the unified Nuremberg carriage) via Stolberg, Erfurt and Merseburg to Leipzig since 1718 . In Braunschweig there was a connection with the Ducal Kitchen Mail with Hamburg.

Rübeland

Early postmark from Rübeland

The General Circular No. XXXXIII (43) of May 28, 1842 reports on the establishment of a postcollection in Rübeland . " Subordinated to the post office Blankenburg. The rate to Blankenburg plus internal postage of 6 Pfg. was valid for the simple letter. Those Brunswick post offices from which the mail to Rübeland can advantageously be routed via Elbingerode, namely Walkenried, Zorge, Hohegeiß, Braunlage etc. have to collect or reimburse the tax to Elbingerode and also the internal postage in Franco cases in accordance with the principles of the Royal Hanover Post Tax Regulations. "From 1842 to 1871, the hut chairman (private teacher) Julius Heinrich Schaar (e) was responsible for the exchange of mail.

It can be assumed that between 1846 and 1852 a two-circle stamp with a date line was in use (bath). The rectangular stamp from Rübeland could be proven but not assigned in time. To cancel the stamps, Rübeland received the rust-diamond cancel with the number "35".

The General-Circular LXVIII (65) of September 22, 1846 reports on the transformation of the Post-Collections at Rübeland into a postal expedition . From October 1st, the Schaar zu Rübeland mail guards became a mail expedition. The internal postage was still ½ Ggr.

According to the address books, the postal expedition in Rübeland was converted into a postal agency in 1880 . Postal agents are mentioned until 1893. After that there will have been a postal administration in Rübeland.

Hasselfelde

Early postmark from Hasselfelde

At the beginning of 1700 the Oberpostamt in Leipzig tried to establish a postal connection with Hamburg. Together with Braunschweig and Hanover, the “yellow carriages” have been traveling from Braunschweig via Hesse, Blankenburg, Hasselfelde (from here with the unified Nuremberg carriage) via Stolberg, Erfurt and Merseburg to Leipzig since 1718 . In Braunschweig the Herzogliche Küchenpost was in contact with Hamburg.

The place Hasselfelde has a post office that handles the moving mail from Braunschweig.

The first postmarks were introduced in the time of the Westphalian Post . Hasselfelde belonged to the department of the Saale , Blankenburg district. Up to four different one-line stamps were described. Between 1810 and 1813, Mr. Koeler was the Directeur expéditeur, the postal director in Hasselfelde.

During the Brunswick period there was a postal administration in Hasselfelde, postal administrators were the postal secretary Friedrich Wilhelm Köhler (1833), Friedrich Wölbing (1834–62), Friedrich Wilhelm Dörries, (1862–64) and Wilhelm Dörries, (1865–77).

In 1853 a rectangular stamp was purchased with the date, star and time in digits. The two-circle stamp , which also includes the year, was not put into operation until 1863. To cancel the postage stamps, the rust-diamond stamp with the number “20” has been used since 1856. The Braunschweigische Post opens in 1868 in the northern German postal district . The postal administration in Hasselfelde is now a post expedition. At the time of the Reichspost in 1872, it was converted into a post office to function as a second class post office in 1877.

fir

Early postmark from Tanne

The General Circular No. XXVIII (28) of March 27, 1838 proclaims the establishment of a letter collection in Tanne, "whose business has been transferred to the merchant Schröder. With this only the post office Blankenburg is in direct change of charts and therefore the items are gone from all Herzogl. Post offices, with the exception of Hasselfelde, Walkenried, Zorge and Hohegeiß, where the previous line via Benneckenstein remains unchanged, to be sent via Blankenburg. The price for Tanne is that of Benneckenstein with a surcharge of 6 Pfg . for the simple letter, which the latter is calculated in Blankenburg, has been accepted. "

In 1841 the one-liner FIR was introduced, to which a handwritten number date was added.

On January 1, 1842, the Postwärterei (Letter Collection) was transferred to a post expedition converted. The mail administrator and dealer H. Schröder (1840–52) remained in office as a mail carrier. If the address books are used as the source, this change did not take place until 1850.

In the General Circular No. LVIII of November 28, 1844, it says Die Herzogliche Postexpedition zu Tanne, "Postexpediteur Spengler will be removed from office on December 1st at his own request. In his place, the former postexpediteur Schröder is back in office."

In 1853 the rectangular stamp and a rectangular stamp "AUSGELIFERT" were put into use. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "41" was used to cancel the postage stamps (1856) .

At the beginning of 1867, the mail between Hasselfelde and Walkenried was canceled and a personal post office was set up in its place between Hasselfelde and Tanne, as announced by No. 306 of the "Braunschweigische Advertisements" of December 18, 1866.

If you follow the address books, there was a post office in Tanne between 1875 and 1886. Postal agents were Wilhelm Vogeley (1875–1882) and Carl Hahne until 1886. For 1887 the postal assistant Otto Schüßler was named as the post administrator as head of a postal administration. Between 1893 and 1899 the postman Kutschenreuter was responsible for the horses.

Braunlage

Early postmark from Braunlage

On October 1st, 1838, the Ducal Braunschweig Post-Expedition to Braunlage was opened. Postal expedients were Johann Heinrich Bötticher (1838–52), Carl Spormann (1852–58) and Wilhelm Spormann (1858–79). The facility was related to “Anlage Königl. Hannoverscher ticket from Osterode via Clausthal, the Sonnenberger Weghaus, Braunlage and Elbingerode to Blankenburg and vice versa. "

The one-liner "Braunlage." With a period can be found on letters from this period . It was followed in 1847 by a two-circle chord stamp on which the date had to be entered by hand. In 1856 Braunlage received a rectangular stamp with the date and time in digits, separated by a star. For the cancellation of the Brunswick postage stamps (from 1856) the rust-diamond stamp with the number "7" was in use.

In 1884, the Reichspost elevated the post office in Braunlage to Post Office III. Class. Ludwig Dickhut was the postal administrator until 1906, and postal secretary from 1905. The postmasters Wilhelm Thies (1907-09) and Wilhelm Teus (1910-16) and the postal secretaries Heinrich von Bostel (1912-14), and Robert Kemna (1915-16) were the successors. The station for changing horses in Braunlage was headed by post keepers August Müller (1848–97), H. Käsewieter (1898–1912) and Bernhard Penner (1913–16).

Hohegeiß

Early postmark from Hohegeiß

"The Braunschweigische Post goes from Blankenburg to Hasselfelde and splits here to Hohegeiß and Zorge to Walkenried."

A travel guide from 1806 explains: “Since the Poststrasse from Braunschweig and Halberstadt goes through here to Ellrich and Walkenried, there is also a post expedition. If you don't have to, try to avoid spending the night in Hohegeiß because of the poor facilities. ”In Braunlage, the“ Neue Harzstrasse ”is divided into Hohegeiß and Tanne.

Even before 1800 there was said to have been a post office in Hohegeiß, but probably only a post office . The General Circular reported in 1837 that "the previous line via Benneckenstein kept it".

On September 1, 1842, an intermediate relay was set up at Königskrug and a post office at Hohegeiß regarding “Distances from Königskrug: Harzburg 2¾, Braunlage ½ and Hohegeiß 1¾ mile. Distance from Hohegeiß: Nordhausen 3¼, Braunlage 1¼, Königkrug 1¼, Zorge 1, Walkenried 1½, Hasselfelde 2¼ and Tanne 1¼ miles. The previous postman Rath will be the post office in Hohegeiß ”.

The intermediate relay in the Königskrug was relocated to the so-called Torfhaus (Brokenkrug) at the end of 1844. In 1846 it is documented that the management of the postal expedition was transferred to the arable citizen Heinrich Berger on September 1st, he replaced the businessman Rath in office. This also corresponds to the information in the address books.

In 1845 the postal expedition received the two-circle stamp with the printing number date. From 1856 the rust-diamond stamp with the number "23" was used to cancel the postage stamps . The Post-Expedition was converted into a postal agency in 1871. Fritz Voigt was a postal agent until 1883.

Walkenried

Early postmark from Walkenried

In 1137 a Cistercian monastery was consecrated in Walkenried . The first post is believed to have been in the 18th century, and messengers have certainly delivered letters much earlier. The oldest known letter with a handwritten location is from 1747.

"The Braunschweigische Post goes from Blankenburg to Hasselfelde and splits here to Hohegeiß and Zorge to Walkenried."

During the Westphalian period (1808-13) Walkenried was neither mentioned as a post office nor a post office official.

There is a letter from 1820 with a one-liner that is said to have been in use until 1850, and from 1840 to 1850 with a handwritten date.

In the address books, beginning in 1833, the Amtsvoigt Heinrich Christian Glanz (1833–51) is listed as a postal expedition. It has not yet been possible to determine when the postal expedition opened. Theodor Becker (1857–83) is named as post administrator from 1876, which suggests a conversion of the postal expedition into a postal administration.

A two-circle stamp with printing numbers had been in use since 1848. The stamps were canceled from 1856 with the rust-diamond cancel "46".

Number 306 of the Braunschweigische advertisements of November 28, 1866 read: "At the beginning of the year the mail between Hasselfelde and Walkenried will be canceled and a personal mail will be set up in its place between Hasselfelde and Tanne."

Concern

Early postmark from Zorge

Zorge owes its existence to a copper smelter that was in operation in the 16th century and around which the place developed.

"The Braunschweigische Post goes from Blankenburg to Hasselfelde and splits here to Hohegeiß and Zorge to Walkenried ."

In a travel guide from 1806 we can read: “Since the Poststrasse from Braunschweig and Halberstadt goes through here to Ellrich and Walkenried, there is also a post office extension. If you don't have to, try to avoid spending the night in Hohegeiß because of the poor facilities ”.

For Zorge, too, the address books report from 1833 onwards from postal expeditionary Albert Heinrich Otto Cramer (1833–38). In 1884 the postal expedition must have been downgraded to a postal agency under the postal agent Friedrich Neugebohren (1884–97). After 1908 no postman appears in the address books.

literature

  • Almanac Royal de Westphalie , Cassel 1810–1813
  • Henry Bade: 333 years of the Braunschweigische Post , 1535–1867. Karl Pfankuch & CO, Braunschweig, 1960. This is where the stamp images come from.
  • Hans-Joachim Anderson: The designation of the postmark forms . Düsseldorf 1970, postmark guild “Rhein-Donau e. V. "(The attempt of the Federation of German Philatelists to achieve uniformity in the stamp descriptions)
  • Handbook on the Kingdom of Westphalia , Halle, bey Hemmerde and Schwedtschke, 1808
  • Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Westphalia , Hanover, from the Hahn brothers, 1811
  • Braunschweigisches Adressbuch , Braunschweig with Johann Heinrich Meyer 1833–1916
  • Werner Steven: overview of the postal relevant Braunschweigischen Ciculare, laws and ordinances from 1807 to 1867 . Circular letter No. 58, consortium Braunschweig and Hanover in the Briefmarken-Club Hanover, April 2004
  • Werner Steven: Directory of post offices and their staff in the area of ​​the Duchy of Braunschweig, 1811-1916 . Society for German Postal History e. V. Braunschweig / Hanover district group. Issue 13 of the postal history sheets, 1992.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Johann Christian Stübner: "Memories of the Principality of Blankenburg and the same incorporated Walkenried Abbey" Volume 2, Wernigerode 1790
  2. ^ A b c Wilhelm Heinrich Matthias: About post and post shelves , 1832
  3. ↑ a b c Erich D von Lover: “ Vom Fürstenthum Blankenburg and its state constitution ... ” 1790
  4. ↑ a b Friedrich Gottschalck: Pocket book for travelers in the Harz. Magdeburg, near Keil 1806