Post route Braunschweig – Göttingen
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The Braunschweig – Göttingen postal route involves the traveling and riding posts to Göttingen and on to Kassel. The article also deals with the postal history of the places in the Gandersheim district.
Driving mail
The Harz district is a name for the Gandersheim district of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, which before 1806 included the cities of Gandersheim and Seesen, the Gandersheim, Frankenberg, Klus and Brunshausen monasteries, the offices of Gandersheim, Seesen, Staufenburg, Langelsheim, Harzburg and Lutter am Barenberge and 11 aristocratic courts comprised and in 1799 counted on 9¼ mi² (510 km²) with 25,614 inhabitants.
The Braunschweig advertisements reported in 1745 that a moving post office was set up from Braunschweig to Kassel via Wolfenbüttel, Immendorf, Lutter am Barenberg, Seesen, Gittelde to Northeim. In Northeim you had a connection to the Fahrpost Hannover-Kassel.
According to a post book of the Imperial Post Office operated by Thurn and Taxis from 1764, a riding post from Braunschweig via Lutter 4 - Seesen 2 - Northeim 3 and another 2 miles to Göttingen, as well as a driving post from Braunschweig via Barum 2 - Lutter 2 - Seesen 2 - Northeim 3 - Göttingen 2 - Münden 3 and another 2 miles to Kassel, indicated.
In the Westphalian era, courier mail went from Kassel to Hamburg via Braunschweig and supplied Braunschweig, Clausthal, Dassel, Einbeck, Elze, Gandersheim, Göttingen, Goslar, Hardegsen, Helmstedt, Hildesheim, Königslutter, Moringen, Münden, Noerten, Osterode, Peine, Salzgitter , Schöningen, Schöppenstedt, Seesen, St. Andreasberg, Uslar and Wolfenbüttel with post. In addition, there was express mail to Hanover with a branch from Northeim with the post for Seesen, Lutter am Barenberg and Immendorf via Braunschweig.
Gandersheim
A post office was set up in Gandersheim in 1641 by the Braunschweig-Lüneburg postmaster in the Duchy of Calenberg, Rütger Hinüber (Hildesheim). According to a rescript of December 3, 1708, on January 1, 1709 it became a postal expedition of the Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel State Post. Letters with a handwritten place note from this period are known.
Gandersheim belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia between 1810 and 1813 . During this time, Post Director Strube, “Directeur expäditeur” , was responsible for the post expedition. He used a one-liner "Gandersheim", a Franco and a Déboursés stamp.
Again in Brunswick, the one-liner was buried by hand between 1823 and 1834 with the date. In 1833, postmaster Friedrich Unger (1833–1839) used a hammer stamp with the location and the number, with double wavy lines. Under the postmaster Lieutenant CG Simonis (1839–1855), a new hammer stamp with straight borders came into use in 1852. This stamp form was only known from Gandersheim.
Postmaster Adolph Damköhler (1855–1857) had been using a rectangular stamp with the place name and the date, star and time since 1854. Under Constantin Wildt (1860–1862), a two-circle stamp followed in 1860 with day, month, year and hours. From 1856 the rust-diamond stamp with the number "14" was used to cancel the postage stamps.
The postal expedition was converted into a postal administration in 1838 , again into a postal expedition in 1855, again into a postal administration in 1856 and into a railway and post office in 1856. In the time of the North German postal district in 1869, Gandersheim had a mail expedition 1st class, at the Reichspost in 1872 a postal administration and in 1876 a post office II class. Until 1858 there was a post office, as can be seen in the address book, the post keepers Christoph Ölzen (1833–1848) and Friedrich Oelzen (1850–1858) are named there.
In the Kingdom of Hanover, an existing facility was abolished and new postal expeditions and relays were set up: “The Bönnien postal expedition was canceled on October 1, 1838, and a relay to Bockenem was established, distance to Gandersheim 2¾, to Lutter am Barenberg 1½ and to Seesen 2 miles ”.
In 1844 Heinrich Dieckmann from Gandersheim received the single badge of honor for earned postillions, in 1847 he received the double badge of honor and a gift of 10 thalers.
Seesen
Seesen (Schusa, Seehusa (794)) borders the Ambergau in the east. During the time of Rudolf August (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) (* May 16, 1627 in Hitzacker; † January 26, 1704 in Hedwigsburg ) Lünig bought the house on Junkerstraße under insurance number 125. He was also given responsibility for the post office thus the permission to hang up the princely coat of arms in front of this house
It is known from Seesen an der Selke that the military roads to Frankfurt, Nuremberg and Holzminden united in Seesen. “There is also an important postal expedition here”. The distance to Gandersheim was 1 mile , from Staufenburg (formerly Lichtenhagen) 1 mile, from Osterode 2 miles. "The way to Clausthal (2½ miles) is very bad".
From Seesen a road went to Klingenhagen, Neuen Krug, Langelsheim over the Innerste, Sophienhütte, Juliushütte to Goslar. One way led from Seesen to Herrenhausen, Münchehof, Fürstenhagen, Staufenburg (ruin) Gittelde, Teichhütte, Badenhausen, Lasfeld, Osterode, Herzberg, Wildemann, Zellerfeldhal and Clausthal.
Then there was the big road that led from Nordhausen via Herzberg, Osterode, Gittelde and Seesen.
During the Westphalian period , Seesen was part of the Leine department in the canton of Einbeck. The postal director 3rd class Austria (1810-1813) received the one-liner but also the other Westphalian stamps .
After the Wars of Liberation , the Postrath EJH Austria (1833–1842) continues to serve as postmaster. The previous postal secretary Leopold Henneberg (1843-1859) was appointed to Wolfenbüttel on January 1, 1843 and the post aspirant Theuerkauf zu Sessen from November 20 to the post writer, he moved in 1843 to the court post office in Braunschweig. The well-known postmaster Adolph Damköhler followed as board member (1858). This clearly shows the importance of the Sessen postal expedition as the intersection of the various postal routes.
Around 1834 a sheet stamp with a date line came into use in Seesen. It was followed by a rectangular stamp between 1855 and 1867, whereby the periods of use were determined empirically and exact data are not available. A two-circle stamp was added to the rectangular stamp in 1864.
On September 18, 1835, the General Circular No. XIX (19) announced the establishment of a driving post connection between Hildesheim and Seesen and the suspension of the messenger mail between Seesen and Bockenem and a new messenger mail between Seesen and Osterode.
In 1838 the border point towards Hanover was moved from Bockenem to Seesen. At the same time, the Bönnien postal expedition was canceled on October 1, 1838, and a relay was established in Bockenem. The distance to Gandersheim was 2½, to Lutter am Barenberg 1½ and to Seesen 2 miles. From the relay in Clausthal the distance to Seesen was two and a half miles.
The postillions in Seesen were successful, as Ludwig Riecke and Andreas Schröder, both from Seesen, received in 1842 "the triple badge of honor with a monthly allowance of 1 Rthlr". Heinrich Riecke received "the double decoration and a gift of 10 Rthlr". Ludwig Riecke was given an annual pension of 24 Thl. retired ”. But there was another way of doing things, "one postillion's pension was reduced to 12 thalers because he was responsible for overturning a mail car". The General Circular reported in 1847: "The postilion Heinrich Riecke zu Seesen has promoted an unregistered person, the awarded trumpet of honor was removed from him, combined with the suspension of the additional payment that had been awarded to him because of 20 years of service". Nevertheless, Heinrich Riecke received "the triple badge of honor with a monthly allowance of 1 thousand" again a few months later.
The car maintenance department (post office, relay) existed from time immemorial. Heinrich Ricke from the Postillion family was one of the wagon masters from 1857–1871.
The railway from Börssum to Kreiensen was opened on August 5, 1856. By law of July 18, 1856, the designation of the stations to be set up Seesen, Gandersheim and Kreiensen as railway and post offices was ordered.
Lutter am Barenberge
Lutter am Barenberg, a handsome parish village, 4 miles from Braunschweig and 2 miles from Seesen, the seat of a judicial and leasing office, and a postal expedition on Frankfurter Strasse.
An official messenger mail had existed from Wolfenbüttel to Lutter and Gandersheim via Seesen and back since 1709. The driving post set up in 1743 from Braunschweig via Salzgitter and Seesen to Gandersheim also went via Lutter. It is unlikely that there was no post office.
Lutter am Barenberg belonged in the Kingdom of Westphalia to the Oker department of the Goslar district. During this time, according to the Royal de Westphalie Almanac, a Mr. Südekum (1810–1813) was director of the expedition , i.e. head of a post office for changing horses.
In the later address books, the post holder family appears with Heinrich L. Südekum (1843), Friedrich Südekum (1848–1870) W. Südekum (1871–1883). It can be assumed that the post office was closed in 1883.
In 1835 a postal expedition was set up in Lutter. By law of July 14, 1856, it was renamed the Ducal Railway and Post Expeditions.
Apparently a two-line script stamp was introduced in 1808 and was used until 1827. The one-liner "LUTTER AM B: B" is from 1810 as Westphalian, as is the two-liner "FRANCO /. . "Has been introduced. This one-liner remained in use until 1855. The date has been handwritten in recent years. The two-circle chord stamp came to Lutter in 1844, the date should also be inserted here by hand. In the case of the rectangular stamp, which was used in 1853, the half-day time morning / afternoon was separated by a star. The date had to be set anew every day. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "32" was used to cancel the postage stamps. In 1865 the two-circle stamp with date, year and time came into use.
Gittelde
Friedrich Hoffmann from a post office has not yet spoken of the great road that Nordhausen runs through Herzberg, Osterode, Gittelde and Seesen. In the past, mail from Gittelde was probably posted and picked up in nearby Sessen.
The General Circular of the Braunschweigische Post reports in 1840 about the "establishment of post collections in Gittelde on September 1, 1844. For Franco to Seesen an additional postage is to be levied in accordance with the first tax progression (6 Pfg. For the simple letter)" . Letters from this period can be recognized externally by the handwritten place mark. August Carl Gieseke was the postman.
He was also still in office when on October 1, 1846 the post office was converted into a postal expedition, as reported by the General Circular (1868). The inland postage remained unchanged at ½ good penny. At the same time, the two-circle chord stamp came into use by August Pook (1852–1855), who were supposed to enter the date by hand.
In 1855 a rectangular stamp with a number date was introduced. August Schmalhoff (1855–1871) was a postal expedition. To cancel the postage stamps, rust-diamond stamps with the number “15” were used. The rectangular stamp was replaced by the two-circle stamp with date, year and hour. Now the railway assistant Preßler was on the board (1872–1874) and as a station inspector (1875–1880). The management went to the post assistant Carl Klünker as commisaric board member (1881-1882), it remained with the commisaric board member with Heinrich Kather (1883), Armin Jenner (1884), Konrad Keune (1885) and Ernst Borchers (1886).
The post expedition was converted into a post office in 1887 . Postal agents were Ferdinand Schierse (1887–1890), August Klipp (1891–1907), Wilhelm Gödecke (1908–1909), no information (1910–1914), Clemens Helmbold (1915–1916)
In 1893 the place received a second post office. Differentiated in the stamp with “Gittelde 2 (Bahnhof)” and “Gittelde 1 Ort”. Since 1912 the stamp had read "Gittelde (Harz)".
Badenhausen
A one-liner stamp from 1810 is known from Badenhausen, of which only a mark has been seen to this day.
On October 1, 1840, a post collection was set up in Badenhausen, under the tax collector, J. Fr. W. Grundner, (October 1, 1840–1841) followed by August Wachsmuth, (1841–1854). In the same general circular it says: "For Franco to Seesen an additional postage is to be raised according to the first tax progression (6 Pfg. For the simple letter)". A post-collection was not actually a post office, but rather the local mail was collected here, packed in a bag and given to the stagecoach for a short stay. The internal postage, the additional postage, was to be paid for this activity. Until 1846, the shipments were handwritten with "Badenhausen" and the date in digits.
On October 1, 1846, the Braunschweigische Post converted the Post-Collections zu Badenhausen into a postal expedition, and the previous postman August Wachsmuth zu Badenhausen became a postal expedition. The internal postage was still ½ Gutegroschen . He was succeeded by August Dörries (1855–1863) and H. Leßmann (1863–1870).
The postal expedition received a two-circle chord stamp at the opening, and the date had to be entered by hand. This stamp can still be found on letters from the time of the stamp. From 1854 the rectangular stamp came into use. Badenhausen received the rust-diamond stamp with the number "1".
Since 1869 Badenhausen had a post-expedition II class under Christian Leßmann. The small expedition was converted into a postal agency in 1893. Postal agents were Wilhelm Mackensen, followed by Fritz Mackensen (1898–1916) until 1897. Carl Weber between 1899 and 1903 and Friedrich Reuter until 1914 are named as country mail carriers.
Langelsheim
Since the place used to be a crossroads of various country roads, it probably had a post office even before 1800. It is certain that Langelsheim received a post expedition on April 1, 1819, which was carried out by post expedients Stolle (1819), Carl August Christian Kettig (1833–1848), August Dressel (1848–1852) and August Bosse (1852–1872) were directed.
The postal agents run a postal agency: W. Zenker (1873–1874), W. Bauer (1875–1876) the postal assistant Wilhelm Röhrig (1877–1913) and Eduard Godelmann, (1914–1916). The address book also mentions Antonius Brandes (1904) and Friedrich Ohnesorge (1906–1910) who had been promoted to senior postal assistant in 1913.
In addition to the one-liner with the wrong "N", there was another one in which the date had been handwritten from 1837. The two-circle tendon stamp came to Langelsheim in 1848. Here, too, the date had to be entered by hand. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "30" was used to cancel the postage stamps. The first rectangular stamp came into use in 1856. The date has already been set here. From 1859 the frame stamp contained the date, star and letters for morning and afternoon.
Between 1892 and 1916 there was a postal agency in Astfeld (Langelsheim 5). Postal agents were August Diedrich (1892–1893), August Edler (1894–1898), Friedrich Edler (1899–1900), and Auguste Diedrich (1901–1916)
Bodenburg
Between 1828 and 1850 there was a royal Hanover post collection in Bodenburg . In 1836, the general circular of the Braunschweigische Post announced on August 6th about the letter tax to the towns of Salzdetfurth and Bodenburg. "For which the tax according to the rate of 6 Pfg. For Salzdetfurth and 9 Pfg. For Bodenburg is charged in addition to the Hildesheim tax." The post was therefore to be directed to Hildesheim. Location notes on letters were handwritten.
From May 1, 1850, the post office became ducal in Brunswick. The postal expedition was "transferred to the previous Hanoverian postal distributor Hoechel (1850-1858) there." "On February 1, 1861, Höchel ceased and was replaced by the merchant Spengler". During the postal expedition to Bodenburg, the community leader Witte (1865–1873) took the place of the postal expedition Spengler on September 1, 1865.
In addition to the two-circle chord stamp that had been delivered in 1850, there was a rectangular stamp "Bodenburg" with the date and time in digits since 1854. As in all Brunswick post offices, a rust-diamond stamp with the number "5" in the middle was used to cancel the postage stamps.
Klein-Rhüden and Bornum
There was a postal expedition in Klein-Rhüden between October 1, 1846 and September 30, 1864. Postal expedients were the merchant Wilhelm Henze (1846-1852), in 1852 the position was vacant, followed by Mr. Wöhler (1853-1857) and Heinrich Delolme (1857-1864).
In addition to the two-circle chord stamp, in which the date had to be entered by hand, a rectangular stamp with a number date, asterisk and hour indication was used since 1851. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "27" was used to cancel the postage stamps.
The Braunschweigische advertisements wrote on September 23, 1864: “As a result of the relocation of the Klein-Rhüden post office, which is currently located between Seesen and Bockenem, to Bornum, the order areas that have become available will be assigned to this new post office. The country postman goes daily (except Sundays) to Jerxe, Ortshausen, Mahlum, Volkersheim and Schleweke ”.
After moving from Klein-Rühden to Bornum , the postal administrator Heinrich Delolme (1864–1875) also managed the postal expedition here. Heinrich Pelz (1864–1883) is named as the country mailman. With Karl Harzig (1908–1916) the era of country mail carriers ended in Bornum, as can be seen in the address books. The mail supply to the surrounding towns had been reorganized.
In 1892 the postal expedition was converted into a postal agency with a horse station. Post agent was: Wilhelm Ristedt (1892-1893) Mr. Sieburg (1892-1893) is named as the postman.
Delligsen
The General Circular of the Braunschweigische Post reported in 1846 about the “establishment of a postal expedition in Delligsen. On June 1, 1864, the merchant FW Bredenschey took over the administration there. The distribution district (delivery district) includes: Brunkensen, Hohenbüchen, Koppengraben, Grünenplan, Markeldissen, Kairde, Ammensen, Düsterthal and Varrigsen ”.
When the post office was set up, Delligsen received the two-circle chord stamp on which the date had to be entered by hand. In 1854 the rectangular stamp with place names, date, star and time came into use.
The mail expedition existed until 1873, from 1848 the travel agent Heinrich Bredenschey and from 1854 the country mailman Heinrich Gericke, from 1866 August Göke supported him. In 1870 there must have been a post office in Delligsen, the post holder was August Beinling (1870).
Mühlenbeck
Mühlenbeck was an inn between Brunsen and Holtershausen in the Greene office , located at the intersection of the Greene – Eschershausen and Ammensen – Einbeck roads. The customs post was only a few meters away. It is not known whether the stagecoach came through and there was a small post office, or whether the country postman from Greene supplied the town with mail.
In the directory of post locations in the Kingdom of Westphalia (1811), the mail expeditioner Metgen in Mühlenbeck is named. The Metge family was among the postal workers in the address book until 1835, after an interruption by Maximilian Baller (1835–1847), together with Friedrich Metge, until 1850. At the same time, the shipping agents operated a post office . It is recorded under the widow Metge (1851-1852), Friedrich Metge (son) (1854-1860) and August Hobein until 1869 in the address book.
The one-liner was introduced in the Westphalian era . From 1840 the post office clerk put the date under it by hand. In 1847 a two-circle chord punch came into use. The date also had to be handwritten on this stamp.
In 1842 the postillions August Papenberg and Ludwig Helmke from Mühlenbeck received the simple decoration. A little later (1844), the double medal and a cash gift of 10 thalers went. to August Papenberg and Ludwig Helmke, both from Mühlenbeck. In 1849 the triple badge of honor with a monthly additional payment of one thaler went to the postilion Ludwig Helmke from Mühlenbeck. August Papenberg, Mühlenbeck, retired after twenty years of service with two thalers a month. In 1846, postal customers requested that the distribution (delivery) district of the postal expedition to Mühlenbeck should be expanded to include Grünplan, Markeldissen, Delligsen, Ammensen, Eimen, Kaierde and Naensen. So far they have been looked after by Greene, which has been granted.
The postal expedition was closed on August 1, 1854, the post office had existed until 1869. In the general circular of the Braunschweigische Post from 1854 the heading to § 1 reads "Opening of the Hanoverian Southern Railway and the establishment of a Braunschweigische Post-Expedition on August 1st to Kreiensen as well as the cancellation of the Post-Expedition in Mühlenbeck."
Naensen
Today Naensen belongs to Einbeck and was from 1865 on the Kreiensen – Stadtoldendorf railway line . Naensen belonged to the Greene delivery district until 1846 and then went to Mühlenbeck until 1854.
The Braunschweig announcements of October 6, 1865 reported: “From 10. d. On the month of the month, the post offices set up in Naensen and Vorwohle and combined with the local railway stations come into effect, whereas the post expeditions to Greene and Mainholzen are canceled ”, of course with a new division of the delivery districts. Postal expedients in Naensen were the board member Hermann Gehrke (1865–1866), the postal assistant Robert Benckendorf (May 21, 1866–1868), Carl Melchers (1869–1872) and Voges (1873).
The two-circle stamp with date, year and time has been used since 1865. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "16", which had previously been used in Greene, was used to cancel the postage stamps.
In 1877 the postal expedition was converted into a postal agency. Postal agents were Ernst Binnenwies (1874–1881). He had worked as a country mailman since 1865.
There must have been a post office since 1888. In the address book, the postal keepers August Voss (1888–1897), Wilhelm Nienstedt (1888–1892), Carl Bünger (1895–1896), Karl Strohmeyer (1898–1899), Wilhelm Hoffmeister (1899) and Reinecke (1899) are named.
Greene and Kreiensen
Greene
A riding post between Braunschweig and Holzminden was replaced by a traveling post on the same route in 1743. It can be assumed that there was already a post office in Greene at that time . A cursive stamp is said to have been used and of course there were handwritten location notes on the letters.
In the time of the Kingdom of Westphalia Greene belonged to the department of the Leine , to the district of Einbeck and was a canton town. The postal expedition under the travel agent Kircher (1810-1813) received the required stamp. A one-liner “Grene” and “Franco Grene”, ie without the 2 “ee”, are known.
In 1845 a two-circle stamp with the location "Greene" and a date in digits was introduced. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "16" was used to cancel the postage stamps.
On October 6, 1865, the Braunschweigische announcements reported that “on the 10th of the month the post offices set up for Naensen and Vorwohle and combined with the local railway stations came into effect, whereas the post expeditions to Greene and Mainholzen were canceled. This also led to the redistribution of the delivery districts. Until then, the postmaster Friedrich Koch (1833–1865) was responsible for the post there. "
Between 1865 and 1886 Greene had no post office of its own, and no postal workers for Greene were listed in the address book.
Greene then had a postal agency between 1886 and 1894. Post agent was August Christ (1886-1894). In 1894, the post office became a post office , where the postal administrators August Steinmann (1894–1900), Wilhelm Steinmann, from 1912 also postal secretary (1901–1916) did their job.
There must have been a post office between 1894 and 1900. The address books from these years name Wilhelm Sukop (1894–1898) and Wilhelm Hesse (1898–1899) as postholders.
Kreiensen
On January 1, 1826, the existing post office in Kreiensen was closed. At least that's what the Braunschweig advertisements reported on December 29, 1825. It is not known when it was established.
With the opening of the Hanover Southern Railway, a Brunswick postal expedition was set up on August 1, 1854 in Kreiensen. Postmaster was August Glenewinckel (1854–1857). He used a rectangular stamp with date, star and time which was followed in 1865 by a two-circle stamp with date, year and time. The rust-diamond stamp with the number "29" was used to cancel the postage stamps.
The law of February 15, 1856 on the railway regulations for the local southern railway stipulated that the southern railway route from Börssum to Kreiensen should be used in the near future. The railway regulations then also applied here. On July 14, 1856, the Kreiensen postal expedition was converted into a "Ducal Railway and Post Office". The Braunschweigische Südbahn opened on August 5, 1856 . Theodor Premmel (1857–1862) was now postmaster.
In 1861 a contract was signed with the Prussian Crown to build a railway from Kreiensen to Altenbeken. Post assistant Constantin Wildt (1862–1863) took over the business on an interim basis, as did post expedition Carl Plagge (1863–1868) and post assistant Otto Kuhlmey (1870–1872).
The Reichspost downgraded the post in Kreiensen in 1871 to a post expedition, in 1872 to a post office and since 1876 to an imperial post office. During this time, postmasters were the postal assistant 1873 Richard Franzke and the postal secretaries Wilhelm Fischer (1874–1886, commissioner until 1883), Theodor Müller (1887–1897, commissioner until 1890), Dietrich Beinsen (1898–1902) and Wilhelm Ritter (1903– 1916).
There will have been a post office between 1855 and 1873, at least the wagon masters August Gloxin (1855–1856), Friedrich Langelüddecke (1857), Friedrich Lampe (1858), Wilhelm Schlüter (1860–1872) and Christian Zimmermann (1873) were with the Post office in Kreiensen busy. From 1896 until March 31, 1909, there was a post office in the village of Kreiensen, the post agent was Christian Keilmann (1896–1909).
literature
- Henry Bade: 333 years of the Braunschweigische Post, 1535–1867 . Karl Pfankuch & CO, Braunschweig, 1960. This is where the stamp images come from.
- Hans-Joachim Anderson: The designation of the postmark forms . Düsseldorf 1970, postmark guild “Rhein-Donau e. V. "(The attempt of the Federation of German Philatelists to achieve uniformity in the stamp descriptions)
- Handbook of the Kingdom of Westphalia ; Halle, bey Hemmerde and Schwedtschke, 1808
- Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Westphalia ; Hanover, with the Hahn brothers, 1811
- Werner Steven: overview of the postal relevant Braunschweigische Ciculare, laws and ordinances from 1807 to 1867 ; Circular letter No. 58, consortium Braunschweig and Hanover in the Briefmarken-Club Hanover, April 2004
- Werner Steven: Directory of post offices and their staff in the area of the Duchy of Braunschweig, 1811-1916 ; Society for German Postal History e. V. Braunschweig / Hanover district group. Issue 13 of the Postal History Pages, 1992.
See also
- Duchy of Brunswick
- Postal history and postage stamps of Braunschweig
- Braunschweig post mark : An overview of the forms of the Ducal Braunschweig-Lüneburg post mark
- Brunswick coin history
- Brunswick finance laws
- Postal history of the Kingdom of Westphalia
- Napoleonic Post in Northern Germany
- Brunswick post offices
- Postal organization
- Post route Braunschweig – Calvörde (Bahrdorf, Calvörde, apprenticeship, Velpke, Vorsfelde)
- Postal route Braunschweig – Helmstedt – Magdeburg (Helmstedt, Hessen am Fallstein, Groß Winnigstedt, Jerxheim, Königslutter, Schöningen, Schöppenstedt),
- Post route Braunschweig – Blankenburg (Blankenburg, Braunlage, Hasselfelde, Hohegeiß, Rübeland, Tanne, Walkenried, Zorge)
- Postal route Wolfenbüttel – Harzburg (Börßum, Harzburg, Immendorf, Lesse, Oker, Salder, Wolfenbüttel)
- Post route Braunschweig – Hildesheim (Bettmar, Vechelde, Thedinghausen)
- Post route Braunschweig – Holzminden (Amelunxborn, Bevern, Bisperode, Eschershausen, Fürstenberg, Halle on the Weser, Holzminden, Hehlen, Mainzholzen, Ottenstein, Stadtoldendorf, Vorwohle, Wickensen).
Individual evidence
- ^ Hermann Brockhaus (Ed.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts ... ; 1826.
- ^ Franz Joseph Heger: Postal tables or directory of their postal streets in the Imperial Roman Empire ... ; 1764.
- ^ Almanach Royal de Westphalie ; Kassel, 1810-1813.
- ↑ Karl Friedrich Bege : Stories of cities Seesen and Scheppenstedt ; 1846.
- ^ Kaspar Friedrich Gottschalck: pocket book for travelers in the Harz ; 1803.
- ^ Friedrich Hoffmann: The castles and mountain fortresses of the Harz Mountains and the immediate vicinity ; 1836.
- ^ Georg Hassel , Karl Friedrich Bege : Geographical-statistical description of the principalities of Wolfenbüttel and ... ; 1803.
- ↑ The castles and mountain fortresses of the Harz Mountains and the surrounding area ; 1836.
- ↑ General Circular No. xxxx (40) of November 11, 1840.