Office Greene
Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel | |
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Office Greene | |
main place | Greene |
resolution | 1833 |
Incorporated into | District of Gandersheim |
Residents | 5,382 (in 1799) |
Villages and hamlets | 19th |
The Greene office was one of the larger offices of the former Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the later Duchy of Braunschweig . It belonged to the Southern Offices .
Location and geography
The Greene office was on the left bank of the Leine in the narrow, east-west running southern part of the principality. There it belonged to the Weser district comprising six offices, two princely courts and three city districts . It bordered to the east on the Brunswick office of Gandersheim and the Hildesheim office of Winzenburg , to the north on the Hanoverian office of Lauenburg and the Brunswick court of Brunkensen , to the west on the Brunswick office of Wickensen , and to the south on two offices of the Hanoverian principality of Grubenhagen , the Office Salzderhelden and the Office Rothenkirchen .
Leine and Wispe were the only rivers, whereby the Leine flowed through a narrow gorge behind Einbeck on Brunswick territory and in the office only briefly formed the border river to the office of Gandersheim before it continued to flow on territory of Hildesheim .
Almost half of the office consisted of forest around 1800. The landscape was hilly and valley-rich between three mountain ranges, the limestone mountains of Hube , Hils and Selter . The office consisted of three geographical areas: a larger basin in the south around Naensen, Stroit, Brunsen and Wenzen, with Bartshausen in the extreme southwest, and Voldagsen and Holtershausen on the southern border. The smaller northern basin was around Delligsen and Kaierde. These two parts of the area were separated by the massive Hils ridge with the very extensive Wenzen Forest and the Steinberger Forest . The southern and northern basins were connected by a valley a few kilometers wide between Hils and Selter, in which the villages of Ammensen and Varrigsen were located. Erzhausen, Bruchhof and Greene were in the extreme east of the office, in the very narrow valley between Selter and Leine.
Greene as the main town was in the southeast corner of the office, but conveniently on the leash in terms of traffic. In terms of the number of inhabitants, it was only marginally superior to the northern capital Delligsen and was definitely overtaken by it in the 19th century.
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The location of the Greene Office in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, around 1795. |
history
In medieval times, the Grenigau was named after the capital Greene , which was the northernmost property of the diocese of Mainz . Allegedly by Emperor Otto II , the area was assigned to the Gandersheim monastery before 983 , which enfeoffed the noble lords of Homburg . In 1407 the office came to the Principality of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and was finally one of the larger and more important domain offices of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel since 1522 , succeeding the Duchy of Braunschweig .
It opened up in 1833 in the district of Gandersheim , which belonged to the Free State of Braunschweig from 1918 to 1946 and existed in essentially the same form until the regional reforms from 1972 onwards. The continuous administrative history was only interrupted from 1807 to 1813 in the time of the Kingdom of Westphalia , when the Greene office was replaced by the Greene canton . However, this only affected the southern part of the office. The northern part of the office around Delligsen formed the canton Delligsen with some other neighboring areas . This also included places in Hildesheim such as Groß Freden . The canton border between the northern and southern parts of the office followed exactly the later separation of the places of office in the Lower Saxony regional reform from 1974: the northern places of the former canton Delligsen became districts of the unified municipality Delligsen in 1974 , the southern places of office today all belong to the city of Einbeck , after some before 1974 in the Samtgemeinde Auf dem Berge , others were incorporated in Kreiensen from 1974 to 2012 .
In 1793 the Greene office contained 18 villages and 1 hut village with a total of 13 churches and chapels, 5 parish priests, 5 collective accommodations for widows (widow's houses), 12 schools, 1 monastery courtyard, 4 individual outbuildings , 8 grinding mills, 2 oil mills , 1 paper mill , 1 glass polishing mill , and 1 lime kiln plant. In 1793 there were 586 fireplaces (households) with 5,291 residents, in 1799 the population had risen to 5,382.
Communities
The following table lists all parishes that belonged to the Greene office until 1833. Column 2 shows the number of all inhabitants in 1799, column 3 shows the number of inhabitants in 1910 for comparison, and column 4 shows the current community membership.
Old church | Ew. 1799 | Ew. 1910 | Church today | annotation |
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Wet nurses | 287 | 494 | Delligsen | Church Village |
Bartshausen | 149 | 196 | Einbeck | Church Village |
Bruchhof | 104 | 66 | Einbeck | |
Brunsen | 217 | 332 | Einbeck | Brunzen , parish and church village |
Brunser pitcher | 18th | - | Einbeck | Independent inn and Mühlenbeck with a postal expedition and customs house, east of Brunsen on the Chaussee to Einbeck, later only Mühlenbeck |
Delligsen | 697 | 1.991 | Delligsen | Parish and church village, with 2 grinding mills and 1 paper mill , 3 jugs, 1 Jewish shop |
Erzhausen | 208 | 273 | Einbeck | with outside courtyard of the former Cistercian monastery Amelunxborn |
Garlebsen | 153 | 212 | Einbeck | Church Village |
Greene | 775 | 1,292 | Einbeck | Grene , official capital, parish and church village |
Hallensen | 61 | 68 | Einbeck | |
Hohenbüchen | 212 | 480 | Delligsen | Pottery village with 12 master potters, 1833 to the district of Holzminden |
Holtershausen | 44 | 36 | Einbeck | Holdeshusen , close to the Augustinian monastery in Einbeck. |
Ippensen | 97 | 105 | Einbeck | |
Kaierde | 571 | 963 | Delligsen | Church village with grinding mill and oil mill |
Karlshütte | 176 | - | Delligsen | State-owned iron ore works near Delligsen, later the final stop on the Voldagsen – Delligsen railway line |
Langenstruck | 5 | - | Einbeck | The long Struck , independent tavern between Naensen and Stroit on the Chaussee zu Einbeck |
Markeldissen | 53 | - | Delligsen | Princely Vorwerk with 2 mills in Hils near Delligsen, 1833 to the district of Holzminden |
Naensen | 473 | 731 | Einbeck | Parish and church village |
Nienrode | 27 | - | Einbeck | Outside courtyard to the Voldagsen plant |
Stroit | 263 | 564 | Einbeck | Church Village |
Varrigsen | 119 | 192 | Delligsen | Vardegsen , also Vardiessen , Kirchdorf |
Voldagsen | 99 | 182 | Einbeck | Kirchdorf with Vorwerk and 3 mills |
Wedge necks | 10 | - | Einbeck | Vorwerk in front of Naensen on the border with the duchy of Hildesheim |
Wenzen | 553 | 821 | Einbeck | Parish and church village, with a stately forester's house (13 residents) |
literature
- Georg Hassel and Karl Bege : Geographical-statistical description of the principalities of Wolfenbüttel and Blankenburg. Volume 2. Braunschweig 1803: Culemann, pp. 313-327
- JJ Schüßler: Description of the Leine Current. Einbeck 1743
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Johann Georg Heinrich Hassel and Karl Friedrich Bege: Geographical-statistical description of the principalities of Wolfenbüttel and Blankenburg. In: Volume 2: p. 313-327 (PDF pages 317-331). Retrieved July 18, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c Official plan map large sheet Hildesheim - Holzminden - Seesen 1944. In: landkartenarchiv.de. Retrieved July 18, 2020 .
- ^ Ulrich Schubert: Community directory Germany 1900 - Gandersheim district. Information from December 1, 1910. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de. February 3, 2019, accessed July 17, 2020 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: State of Braunschweig administrative structure. Retrieved July 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Place and farm descriptions. In: Collection of Brunhilde and August-Wilhelm Ebrecht from Naensen. Retrieved July 18, 2020 .