Greene (Einbeck)

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Greene
City of Einbeck
Greene Coat of Arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 51 ′ 35 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : 150 m above sea level NHN
Area : 11.49 km²
Residents : 1453  (May 1, 2020)
Population density : 126 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 1, 1974
Incorporated into: Kreiensen
Postal code : 37574
Area code : 05563
Greene (Lower Saxony)
Greene

Location of Greene in Lower Saxony

View of the eastern outskirts
View of the eastern outskirts

The spots Greene is a town in the town of Einbeck in the Northeim district in southern Lower Saxony .

geography

Greene is located directly on the Leine in the north of the Hube ridge . The town is crossed by state road  487, federal road 64 and the Altenbeken – Kreiensen railway line .

history

Merian - Engraving by Greene with Castle (1654)

The place was first mentioned in a document by Otto II in 980. The Hüburg as an Ottonian castle on a hill between Greene and Ippensen is regarded as the forerunner of Greene Castle, which was built in 1308 and indicates an earlier settlement. The place was created on a trade route. The Leine was initially crossed by ford , but a bridge has already been documented for 1062.

Greene Castle became the seat of the Greene ducal office in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1495 . After Greene suffered major damage in a dispute between Count Volrad von Mansfeld and Margrave Albrecht in 1553 , Duke Heinrich II rebuilt it immediately and more beautifully. In the course of the Thirty Years' War , the place was then captured and devastated several times by Swedish troops, but then mostly repaired again and again. In addition to the usual stags, roe deer, wild boars and wolves, three lynxes were sighted, shot and immediately brought to the ducal residence in Wolfenbüttel in 1652 in Ackenhäuser Holz near the village . At that time, the residents of the Greene office lived mainly from agriculture , which they operated on the fertile fields along the Leine. If the river flooded in summer instead of spring , the otherwise nutrient-rich mud of the river could destroy an entire harvest . In addition to agriculture, there were two "handsome" glassworks in Ackenhäuser Holz near the village around 1654 , which produced both wine and beer glasses as well as window glass and in which up to 24 people worked day and night shifts. The glass was sold “in large quantities” within the principality, but the majority of the production was sold to Bremen , Amsterdam and other Dutch cities, and even internationally.

In 1732 Greene received market rights from Duke Ludwig Rudolf . From 1807 to 1813 Greene was the main town in the canton of Greene . A Postreiter between Braunschweig and Holzminden was in 1743 replaced by a moving mail on the same route. It can be assumed that there was already a post office in Greene at that time. For further details regarding the development of the postal system in Greene, see: Post route Braunschweig-Göttingen .

In the 20th century, the "Löberfeld" building area was designated directly in the Leinetal, on the northern edge of Greene, with a view of the railway viaduct and Greener Castle.

Incorporations

As a result of the administrative and territorial reform in Lower Saxony , Greene and 15 other former municipalities became part of the municipality of Kreiensen on March 1, 1974 , which merged with Einbeck on January 1, 2013.

Population development

year 1910 1925 1933 1939 1950 1956 1973 2017 2020
Residents 1292 1428 1413 1415 2510 2093 2347 1487 1453
source

politics

Local council

The Greene local council is composed of seven councilors from the following party:

Local mayor

The local mayor is Frank-Dieter Pfefferkorn (WG “Greener List”).

coat of arms

The draft municipal coat of arms of Greene comes from the heraldic coat of arms painter peoples Gustav , which all arms in the Hanover region has designed. The coat of arms was approved by the municipal council on February 14, 1962 and approval was granted by the Braunschweig administrative president on August 29 of the same year.

Greene Coat of Arms
Blazon : "In blue over green sign foot a silver embattled walls topped by a silver crenellated tower , on the sign foot a vertically asked heater shield with gestücktem of blue and silver board , is in red , a rising, right-wing golden lion ."
Foundation of the coat of arms: The symbolized castle points to the Greene Castle , which was once the center of a larger area. It was built in 1308 by the noblemen of Homburg to secure their extensive possessions. The triangular shield shown is borrowed from the coat of arms of these noble lords. The castle was destroyed in 1553 and in the Thirty Years War and finally demolished in 1694. On March 1, 1974, Greene was incorporated into the village of Kreiensen , which in turn has given a place for the Homburg lion in its current coat of arms. In this way, Kreiensen will carry Greene's historical legacy into the future.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Ev. St. Martin's Church
Greene Local Museum
Railway viaduct
  • The castle Greene was in 1308 by the nobles of Homburg built and in 1694 with the December arrangement of Braunschweiger Dukes Rudolf August and Anton Ulrich abandoned. The tower now houses a memorial to those returning from Russian prisoner-of-war camps and those who perished there.
  • St. Martin's Church was built in 1439 on the site of a Romanesque church, the destruction of which in 1424 is related to Hildesheim's claims to the Homburg heritage claimed by the Welfs . The Lords of Rauschenplatt donated this church according to an inscription on the south wall. In 1575 the building was expanded to include an octagonal tower tower. In 1690 the choir and windows were enlarged. In 1935 the tower got a new slate covering . Another renovation took place in 1977.
  • The Evangelical Lutheran rectory on Kirchplatz is a historic half-timbered house with ornamental carvings that are well worth seeing.
  • The villa of the royal Prussian lieutenant general a. D. Wilhelm von Dehn-Rotfelser (1850–1932), son of the architect of the Gemäldegalerie Kassel from 1870 Heinrich von Dehn-Rotfelser .
  • The local history museum in the former ducal Brunswick domain yard, Steinweg 24. A historic four-wing complex from around 1700 with open spaces, former office building in 1875/76, designed by Johann Caspar von Völcker , later temporarily used as a prison, and a former barn building, extensively rebuilt. In the north wing of the domain building, Greener grain brandy was produced from 1820 to 1963 .
  • The 34 meter high Luhetal Viaduct was built in 1865 from dolomite from the Selter ridge according to Franz von Rziha's plans.
  • The deer jump in the Greener Wald between Greene and Holtershausen .
  • Fish pass from 2010/11 on the approx. 50 m long strike weir of the line (so-called line weir, or attack ). This transverse structure enables migratory fish and invertebrates a continuous ascent in the fish pass. This construction was also one of the prerequisites for the water law operating permit for the turbine of the Greene hydropower plant in the nearby, approx. 100 m long former mill ditch, which was renewed with steel sheet pile walls and reinforced concrete. This historic mill ditch previously enabled a mill to operate and has been driving a turbine to generate electricity ever since.
  • An old Aussiedlerhof in Greene, Unter dem Hirschsprung 3, was converted into a modern riding facility with a focus on western riding in 2011 . From 1829 to 1960 one of the oldest breeding stations of the Duke Braunschweig Stud was housed in Greene .
  • The Greene indoor swimming pool, built in 1972 and heated to 29 ° C with a water surface of 10 × 25 m, was operated by the municipality of Kreiensen until 1993. When the pool was to be closed, the citizens' initiative of the indoor swimming pool Greene e. V. bathing.
  • Greene's historic power station was the first overland power station in the Duchy of Braunschweig. It was built by Christian Strote in 1902 at Marktstrasse 18 an der Leine and at that time supplied 30 localities in the area with electricity and light thanks to the water power of the Leine. Before that there was a very old mill building. The oil mill was shut down around 1880 and then the sawmill there in 1901 , and a grinding mill there in 1923 . After the Second World War , Hanover-Braunschweigische Stromversorgungs-AG ( Hastra ), which was merged into Avacon in 1999 , took over the power supply of this overland plant. A branch of the Carl Bruns Kreiensen tool factory was then set up in the historic hall in Greene, which manufactured wings for the Focke-Wulf Ta 154 until the end of the war .
  • Since 1839 the water level of the line at the gauge station in Greene has been recorded for the purpose of detecting flood hazards. Currently there is a gauge house in a massive enclosure.

Regular events

  • For the 285th time, the Greener Fair was held from October 6th to 8th, 2017 on the domain area (Amtshof) in Greene. This was also reopened with the obligatory shout “cheers fair”.
  • Every year there is an Easter bonfire at the old pharmacy in Greene with the help and supervision of the Greene fire department. Traditionally, the necessary scaffolding is erected on Maundy Thursday .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

People connected to the place

  • Johann Caspar von Völcker (1655–1730), engineer, architect, Brunswick fortress construction director and major general, he planned a domain building in Greene from 1696 to 1704
  • Friedrich Stegen (1815 or 1818–1875), worker functionary, printer and in 1849 co-founder of the North German Workers' Association, brought u. a. the General Gazette for the Greene Office
  • Franz von Rziha (1831-1897), railway and tunnel builder and inventor, he designed the plans for the Luhetal Viaduct built in 1865 near Greene

literature

  • Hans Ehlers: Greene through the ages . Ed .: Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Greene. Greene 1967.
  • St. Martin's Church Greene (ed.): Festschrift for the rededication on October 12, 1980 . Greene 1980 (24 pages, Braunschweig City Library, brochure II 5025).

Web links

Commons : Greene  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. a b Lower Saxony State Administration Office (ed.): Community directory for Lower Saxony . Municipalities and municipality-free areas. Self-published, Hanover January 1, 1973, p. 56 , Gandersheim district ( digitized [PDF; 21.3 MB ; accessed on July 25, 2020]).
  2. a b number of inhabitants. (PDF; 191 kB) In: Website City of Einbeck. May 1, 2020, p. 1 , accessed on July 25, 2020 .
  3. Matthaeus Merian : Topographia and actual description of the Vornembsten Stäte, Schlösser also other places and places in which Hertzogthümer [n] Braunschweig and Lüneburg, and those belonging [n] Grafschafften rulers and lands . Frankfurt 1654, p.  95-97 ( digitized [accessed July 25, 2020] pp. 00179-00183).
  4. The new building site area “Löberfeld” in Greene. In: Website City of Einbeck. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p.  269 .
  6. ^ Law on the unification of the community of Kreiensen and the city of Einbeck, Northeim district . In: Niedersächsische Staatskanzlei (Ed.): Niedersächsisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt (Nds. GVBl.) . No.  16/2012 . Hanover July 18, 2012, p. 268 , p. 18 ( digitized version ( memento from February 2, 2020 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 290 kB ; accessed on July 25, 2020]).
  7. ^ Ulrich Schubert: Community directory Germany 1900 - Gandersheim district. Information from December 1, 1910. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de. January 5, 2020, accessed July 25, 2020 .
  8. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Gandersheim ( see under: No. 28 ). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. a b Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden (ed.): Official municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany - 1957 edition (population and territorial status September 25, 1956, for Saarland December 31, 1956) . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1958, p.  205 ( digitized version ).
  10. a b The Greene local council. (PDF; 33 kB) In: Website City of Einbeck. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  11. District of Hanover (ed.): Wappenbuch district of Hanover . Self-published, Hanover 1985.
  12. ^ A b Arnold Rabbow: Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . The coats of arms of the communities and districts in the urban and rural districts of Braunschweig, Gandersheim, Gifhorn, Goslar, Helmstedt, Peine, Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel and Wolfsburg. Ed .: Braunschweiger Zeitung, Salzgitter Zeitung and Wolfsburger Nachrichten. Eckensberger & Co Verlag, Braunschweig 1977, DNB  780686667 , p. 27 .
  13. Franziskus Lubecus, Reinhard Vogelsang (arrangement): Göttinger Annalen: From the beginnings to the year 1588 . Ed .: Stadt Göttingen (=  sources on the history of the city of Göttingen . Volume 1 ). Wallstein Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-89244-088-3 , p. 148 ( digitized version in Google Book Search [accessed July 25, 2020]).
  14. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Ebeling: The German bishops up to the end of the sixteenth century . tape 1 . Otto Wigand Verlag, Leipzig 1858, p. 520 ( digitized in Google Book Search [accessed July 25, 2020]).
  15. Historic Evangelical Lutheran rectory in Greene. (PDF; 10.3 MB) In: Website of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Braunschweig. Pp. 8–10 , accessed on July 20, 2018 .
  16. ^ Villa builder Wilhelm von Dehn-Rotfelser (1850-1932). Son of Heinrich von Dehn-Rotfelser . In: Website Geneanet. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  17. Fish pass (FAL) at the Leine weir in Greene. In: Website Limna. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  18. Pictures of the fish pass (FAL) at the Leine weir in Greene. In: Website Limna. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  19. Historical photo from 1941 of the old mill and Greene's electrical works. In: Website picture index. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  20. ^ Frank Baranowski: Bad Gandersheim, external command of the Heinkel works. (No longer available online.) In: Website Nazi forced labor. Archived from the original on October 31, 2009 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 .
  21. Greener level. In: Website of the Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .
  22. 285. Greener Fair. In: Website City of Einbeck. Retrieved July 20, 2018 .