Broad-winged gang owl

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Broad-winged gang owl
Broad-winged gang owl (Noctua comes)

Broad-winged gang owl ( Noctua comes )

Systematics
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Noctuini
Sub tribus : Noctuina
Genre : Noctua
Type : Broad-winged gang owl
Scientific name
Noctua comes
Huebner , 1813
Broad-winged gang owl caterpillar

The broad-winged band owl ( Noctua comes ), also called leather-brown band owl or primrose , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterfly (Noctuidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 35 to 50 millimeters (mostly 39 to 45 millimeters). They are very variable in terms of drawing and color. The basic color varies from light ocher brown, through brown with greenish or reddish hues to reddish brown and dark brown. The cross lines and blemishes are usually clearly visible. The blemishes, if any, are darker than the basic color and often have a light or white border. Usually the wavy line and hemline are very distinctive. In the case of a light basic color, the transverse lines are usually darker than the basic color or black, sometimes with a lighter edge, while in the case of very dark shapes the transverse lines are usually lighter than the basic color. The border area can also be lighter than the basic color, with some specimens a middle shadow is formed. The forewings are relatively wide.

The hind wing is yellow or orange-yellow with a black band on the outer edge, which often extends to the front edge and ends there diffusely. The black, mostly clearly crescent-shaped discal spot is relatively small, diffuse or shadowy.

The hemispherical egg is yellowish white in color and has a reddish band. The surface is ribbed.

The reddish or greenish gray caterpillars are characterized by large, black or dark brown and yellowish lined triangular spots on the back of the 11th and smaller triangular spots on the preceding segments. Another characteristic feature are the white maxillary palps as a continuation of the side ridge lines that are only visible in the first segments.

The doll is red-brown and has two short thorns on the cremaster .

Similar species

The housemother ( Noctua pronuba ) Linnaeus, 1758 and Noctua interposita (Hübner, 1790) have a black spot at the end of the wavy line at the costal edge, which is missing in Noctua comes or is only weak, light to dark brown. The discal spot on the hind wings of Noctua comes is usually smaller, more diffuse, more shadowy than in the above species.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The broad-winged gang owl is distributed from North Africa ( Morocco to Libya ) to northern Europe ( Scotland , western Norway , in the south of Sweden and Finland as well as Estonia ). In the east the distribution area extends to the Middle East (Turkey, Syria, Israel, Iraq, Iran ), the Caucasus region and southern Russia. In Canada the species was introduced in the Vancouver area around 1980 . In North America it has now spread to Seattle and in the USA in Oregon. The broad-winged gang owl shows no preferences for certain biotope types . It occurs in almost all open habitats.

Way of life

The broad-winged gang owl forms one generation per year whose moths can be observed from the beginning of June to mid-October, depending on the climatic conditions. The nocturnal moths are attracted to light and often appear in large numbers in artificial light sources. During the day they rest hidden in the low vegetation and are rarely observed. In warmer areas, the moths rest in summer (around the end of July / beginning of August). Sexual maturity does not occur until midsummer, when the day length is around 14 hours. Eggs are laid on leaves in regular clutches or on stems and blades in irregular clusters.

The caterpillars can appear from autumn to mid-May. The first caterpillar stage is diurnal, later the larvae are exclusively nocturnal and seek protection in the herbaceous layer during the day. They are typical climbing caterpillars, which rest in the herbaceous layer during the day and only eat in the dark and can also be found in bushes or trees at a height of several meters. They are among the most frequently observed noctuid caterpillars and can also be found regularly in gardens. The caterpillars of the broad-winged bandy owl are extremely polyphagous ; in Baden-Württemberg alone , plant species from at least 21 families have been recorded that are eaten by the caterpillars. This list could certainly be expanded when looking for caterpillars in gardens and botanical gardens:

The caterpillar overwinters, pupation takes place in spring in an earth cocoon. Dolls are usually found from late April to late May.

Danger

The species is common in most areas and is not considered endangered.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
  2. ↑ Fibiger (1993: p. 77/8)
  3. ↑ a b c d Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: p. 368–372)
  4. ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 35)
  5. ↑ VD Kravchenko, M. Fibiger, J. Mooser and GC Muller: The Noctuidae of Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 34 (136): 353-370, Madrid, 2006 PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / redalyc.uaemex.mx  
  6. ^ Claudia R. Copley and Robert A. Cannings: Notes on the status of the Eurasian moths Noctua pronuba and Noctua comes (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 102: 83-84, 2005 ( PDF ).

literature

  • Axel Steiner and Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V (Owls (Noctuidae) 3rd part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3500-0 .
  • Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 2 Noctuinae II. Entomological Press, Sorø, 1993, ISBN 87-89430-02-6 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .

annotation

  1. ↑ Not to be confused with the common name primrose earth owl , which refers to the species Diarsia mendica .

Web links

Commons : Broad-winged gang owl  - album with pictures, videos and audio files