Common clematis

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Common clematis
Common clematis (Clematis vitalba), illustration

Common clematis ( Clematis vitalba ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Anemoneae
Genre : Clematis ( Clematis )
Type : Common clematis
Scientific name
Clematis vitalba
L.

The Ordinary clematis ( Clematis vitalba ) is a plant from the genus of clematis ( Clematis ) within the family of Ranunculaceae . It is also known as the real or common clematis , in Austria it is also called Lüln , Lün , Lian , Ulischwidn , Waschl , Liasch , in Swiss German the name Niele is common.

description

The common clematis, which is counted among the lianas , has woody, climbing shoot axes that can reach a diameter of up to 6 cm. The plant climbs trees to a height of between one and ten meters. The stalks and spindle of the pinnate leaves as well as the leaflet stalks act as tendrils. The flowers smell unpleasant, similar to those of the hawthorn . The tepals are white felted on both sides. The hairy pistils are retained during the seed formation and serve as a flight device when the fruits are ripe.

The flowering period extends from July to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Branches, leaves and flowers
fruit

ecology

The common clematis is a deciduous climbing shrub (liana). The trunks can reach arm strength and get their tensile strength from a central reinforcement fabric. The wide vessels ( trachea ) of the wooden part are characteristic. The plant is a left winder and petiole climber d. H. the initially remaining (and woody) leaf stalks and spindles clasp their supports after contact. Very similar to the grapevine , a striped bark develops as an adaptation to the torsional stress. The roots enter into a symbiosis with fungi, but they do not form any fruiting bodies (VA mycorrhiza ).

The flowers are predominantly female "disc flowers" or "brush flowers" and are in umbels. The perianth is a simple perigone . In addition to pollen , a tough nectar is said to be produced at the base of the stamens . Amines as (fish-like smelling) fragrances attract two-winged birds and beetles . The flowers are also often visited by honey bees , more rarely by wild bees . Flowering time is from July to September.

Numerous nuts are created per flower. The tail-like extended, long hairy stylus serve as a flight body ; So there is a feather-tail flyer . Strong winds are just as necessary for spreading as the hygroscopic hairs of the stylus, which stick out only when it is dry. When it is wet, Velcro spreads as a water-based material or spreads on the ground as a borehole. Some fruits are also spread by being used by birds to build nests; in this case there is random propagation. The fruit ripening begins in September, but is not completed until the winter months. The fruits stay there over winter, because most of them cannot be blown away until the strong winds in spring. The long-lived seeds are cold germs.

Effect on host plant

The common clematis can damage the overgrown plants through their weight and light deprivation until they die.

Occurrence

It is a pioneer plant and prefers fresh to moist, open deciduous forests and bushes, especially alluvial forests, forest edges. It is considered a nitrogen indicator. In Austria it is very common in all federal states. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to around 1000 meters above sea level.

The main distribution according to Oberdorfer is sub-Mediterranean-subatlantic (sub-Mediterranean species, also found in the coastal regions). Main occurrences are in swamp and alluvial forests as well as in deciduous and fir forests in medium-sized locations. The main occurrence is in the order Prunetalia Tx. 1952.

The ecological pointer values ​​according to Ellenberg for Clematis vitalba are: light number L7 = half-light plant; Temperature figure T6 = moderate to warmth indicator; Continental number K3 = oceanic to sub-oceanic, showing maritime to temperate maritime climate; Humidity figure F5 = freshness indicator; Humidity change = showing no change in humidity; Reaction number R7 = weak acid to weak base pointer; Nitrogen number N7 = more common in nitrogen-rich locations; Salt number S0 = not bearing salt; Heavy metal resistance = not heavy metal resistant.

toxicology

The plant parts are poisonous due to protoanemonin . The sap irritates the skin and leads to blistering. In the Middle Ages, beggars disfigured their skin with the sap in order to arouse compassion through their appearance and to encourage citizens to donate. That is why the plant was called "devil's thread" at the time.

Common names

The other common German-language common names exist or existed for the common clematis : beggar 's herb, Brennkraut , Bindweide, Bocksbart ( Göttingen ), Düwels-tweren (Göttingen), Felsenrebe, Gänsemord ( Alsace ), Hagseil ( Württemberg ), Hagseiler, Hareil ( Salzburg ) , Hexenstrang (Göttingen), Hurenseil ( Swabia im Filstal ), Hurenstrang, Kateinl ( Pinzgau ), Lälen ( Transylvania ), Lääne ( Hausen ob Verena ), Lahnheck ( Eifel near Altenahr ), Len ( Hallein ), Leuen, Lieln (Salzburg) , Liene ( Austria , Thuringia ), Liere (Austria), Liesch, Lilischweide, Liolo ( Old High German ), Lylen, Lylim, Lynen, Nachtschatten (Henneberg), Niele ( St. Gallen ), Niala ( Chur , Glarus ), Petersbart (Golling ), Räucherli (St. Gallen), Rebbinden (Thuringia), Rebling (in the sense of wild grapevine), Rehbinden, Strubabuaba ( Vorarlberg ), Teufelszwirn (Golling), Tockebart (Göttingen), Waltreben, Waldstrick (Pinzgau) and wild vines.

Others

In southern Germany, for example, children like to light and smoke old dry stems. In Austria these stems are called "Lianentschick" or "Waldtschick" ( Tschick = cigarette (s)). In Switzerland, the same behavior is also known as "Niele smoking".

photos

  • Buds

  • blossoms

  • Collective fruit

  • Suffocation of other plant species due to the invasive growth of Clematis vitalba

  • Lignified main stem axis of an older individual

literature

Web links

Commons : Common Clematis ( Clematis vitalba )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Common clematis. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 401.
  3. ↑ Clematis vitalba L. - Common Clematis ( Memento from June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 535.
  5. ↑ a b Clematis vitalba L. - Common Clematis - Profile on the vascular plants of Bavaria of the BIB = Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 103 ( online ).
  7. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 103 f. ( online ).