Broad throat

Broad throat
Rosenkopf-Breitrachen ( Eurylaimus javanicus )
Systematics
Subclass : New-jawed birds (Neognathae) Order : Passerines (Passeriformes) without rank: Eupasseres Subordination : Screeching Birds (Tyranni) Partial order : Screaming birds of the old world (Eurylaimides) Family : Broad throat
Scientific name
Eurylaimidae
Lesson , 1831

The broad jaws (Eurylaimidae) are a family of the subordination of the screeching birds (Tyranni). They are probably closely related to the Pittas (Pittidae) and Lappenpittas (Philepittidae) and with them form the taxon Eurylaimides (screeching birds of the Old World).

Broad-jaws inhabit the primeval forests and forest areas in Africa , South Asia and Southeast Asia (from the Himalayas to southern China and the Philippines ). Most live in the interior of the forest, some also in more open areas, in coastal forests, tree plantations or on cultivated land. They occur from the coast up to an altitude of 2500 meters. They are often found near water.

features

Broad-jaws are about 14 to 28 centimeters long, stocky birds with characteristic large heads, large eyes, powerful, broad beaks, short legs and tails. In contrast to other passerine birds, they have 15 cervical vertebrae. Otherwise 14 cervical vertebrae are common. All species have the eponymous wide throat.

In most species, the tail is rounded. Their colors, especially that of the Asian species, are often magnificent. The plumage is loose. In half of the species, the sexes can be distinguished by the colorful plumage. If there is a sexual dimorphism , the colors of the females are duller. Fledglings are also less colorful, and their tails and wings are shorter. A maximum age of six years was determined for marked wild birds, animals kept in captivity reached 19 years.

They often hang their pear-shaped nests above water on the twigs or branches of the trees.

nutrition

The diet of most species consists of insects, which they catch in flight, like flycatchers (Muscicapidae), or ingest from the vegetation. Three broad-billed species feed on fruits. Soft fruits such as figs are preferred. However, the young are also fed insects by these species.

Giant jaws ( Corydon sumatranus )

Strangler's jaws ( Serilophus lunatus )

Genera and species

There are four subfamilies, eight genera and 15 species.

• Calyptomeninae
  • Calyptomena
    • Emerald jaws ( Calyptomena viridis )
    • Azure broad-wake ( Calyptomena hosii )
    • Black-throated broad-throated throat ( Calyptomena whiteheadi )
• Eurylaiminae
  • Corydon
    • Giant jaws ( Corydon sumatranus )
  • Cymbirhynchus
    • Tiny beak broadrachen ( Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos )
  • Eurylaimus
    • Rosenkopf-Breitrachen ( Eurylaimus javanicus )
    • Collar Breitrachen ( Eurylaimus ochromalus )
    • Philippines broad-jawed ( Eurylaimus steerii )
    • Purple-backed broad-throat ( Eurylaimus samarensis )
  • Psarisomus
    • Parrot's mouth ( Psarisomus dalhousiae )
  • Serilophus
    • Strangler's jaws ( Serilophus lunatus )
• Pseudocalyptomeninae
  • Pseudocalyptomena
    • Blue-throated wide throat ( Pseudocalyptomena graueri )
• Smithornithinae
  • Smithornis
    • Cape broadsouth ( Smithornis capensis )
    • Gray-headed broad-jawed ( Smithornis sharpei )
    • Red- flanked broad-throat ( Smithornis rufolateralis )

literature

• Joseph Forshaw (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Birds. 1999, ISBN 3-8289-1557-4 .
• Theo Pagel , Bernd Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5192-9 .
• Christopher M. Perrins : The Great Encyclopedia of Birds. From the English, Orbis-Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-572-00810-7 .

Web links

Commons : Breitrachen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Camfield, A. 2004. "Eurylaimidae" , Animal Diversity Web. Accessed August 13, 2009

Single receipts

1. ↑ Pagel, Marcordes: Exotic soft-eaters . P. 90.