FD bayonet

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canon FD bayonet on a normal lens: at the back the lever for the diaphragm, on the right the diaphragm simulator, in between the contact pin for the transmission of light intensity and on the left the unused contact pin

The Canon FD bayonet is the third generation of the R-bayonet , a lens mount for small picture - SLR from Canon . It adds transmission elements to the second generation, the FL bayonet , which enable TTL exposure metering with an open aperture as well as automatic iris and program controls. Apart from insignificant exceptions, the FD bayonet only offers lenses with manual focusing .

FD bayonet

FD connection on the Canon T90: The hole for the automatic contact pin is in the 8 o'clock position
Canon AE-1 with FD 50mm f / 1.8 SC

Period

The FD bayonet was presented in March 1971 and replaced in March 1987 by the EF bayonet, which is still current today and is incompatible with it . The last camera for the FD system was the Canon T60 in 1990.

construction

The FD bayonet corresponds to the FL bayonet and is compatible with it. An aperture simulator has been added, as well as three contact pins, two immovable and one movable.

Aperture simulator

The aperture simulator is a lever that is located to the left of the mirror when the lens is attached when looking at the camera. It allows open aperture measurement and aperture as well as program automatic.

For the open aperture measurement , the simulator moves to a certain position depending on the aperture set on the lens, which a lever on the camera side transfers to the exposure meter. With this information, the exposure measurement made with the aperture open can be converted to the set aperture.

The transfer works in the opposite direction for automatic iris and automatic programs. When you press the shutter release, a lever on the camera side first moves the aperture simulator to the desired position and then the lens stops down to the preselected value. The cameras A-1 and T-90 use the transmission aperture for the automatic timer , thereby the aperture is set to the camera.

Contact pin for the light intensity

The open aperture measurement requires the light intensity of the lens, possibly provided with a correction factor. A contact pin transmits this along with its length. It is located at the bottom left in the direction of the camera, i.e. between the diaphragm lever and the diaphragm simulator.

Automatic contact pin

The aperture rings of the FD lenses have an additional position for automatic aperture or program control. In this, the camera transmits the aperture value to the lens via the aperture simulator. The camera receives the information that the aperture ring is set to automatic via a contact pin that slides into a hole in the bayonet on the camera side. This hole is located a little below the center on the right in the direction of camera viewing. The lens must not be attached in the automatic position to cameras without this hole. These are all cameras with tracking exposure except the F-1 . In the automatic position, the zoom-down button for checking the depth of field cannot be pressed on the camera. AV-1 and AL-1 have the bore, but cannot work in the automatic position of the lens.

Unused contact pin

The second immovable contact pin remained unused until the end of the FD system. It was reserved for future functions and is located to the right of the mirror when looking at the camera, i.e. opposite the aperture simulator.

CAT auto flash

Canon FD 50mm f / 1.8 SC
The driver for CAT can be seen in the mirror image

Some lenses have a nose on the front of the distance setting ring with which the set distance is transmitted to a flash coupling ring (Flash Auto Ring) . This converts it into an electrical signal via a potentiometer , which is transmitted to the flash unit. This CAT system (Canon Automatic Tuning) works with the cameras F-1, FTb and EF in combination with the flash unit 133 D. The flash coupling ring is placed on the coupling for the lens hood and must be adjusted to the lens with a lever. The A2 and B2 versions came out later and can also work with macro lenses.

The following lenses are intended for CAT:

  • FD 35 mm f / 2 (quick coupling ring A, A2, B or B2)
  • FD 35 mm f / 3.5 (quick coupling ring A, A2, B or B2)
  • FD 50 mm f / 1.4 (quick coupling ring B or B2)
  • FD 50 mm f / 1.8 (quick coupling ring A or A2)
  • FD 50 mm f / 3.5 Macro (quick coupling ring A2 or B2)

Modifications

With the transition from chrome to black filter threads in the summer of 1973, Canon modified the bayonet a little. With the old version you can move the union ring of an unattached lens freely, with the new one it is locked. If you attach a lens of the new version to the camera, the ring rotates a little by spring force so that the lens can no longer fall off. When the ring is locked, the dimming lever is also locked in its rest position. To move it manually, you have to turn the ring a little with the lens cap on, so that the cap can just be removed.

The modifications also include a locking button on the aperture ring for the automatic position.

Cameras

Canon presented the following cameras of the F, A and T series for the FD system:

  • 1970: F-1 (tracking measurement, automatic iris with viewfinder EE)
  • 1971: FTb (tracking measurement)
  • 1973: EF (shutter priority)
  • 1974: TLb / TX (tracking measurement)
  • 1976: AE-1 (shutter priority)
  • 1976: AT-1 (tracking measurement)
  • 1978: A-1 (aperture, time and program automatic)
  • 1979: AV-1 (aperture priority with aperture setting on the lens)
  • 1981: New F-1 (tracking measurement; with accessories: automatic aperture, aperture priority with aperture setting on the lens)
  • 1981: AE-1 Program (aperture and program automatic)
  • 1982: AL-1 (aperture priority with aperture setting on the lens)
  • 1983: T50 ( automatic program)
  • 1984: T70 (aperture and program automatic)
  • 1985: T80 (programmed and limited shutter priority)
  • 1986: T90 (aperture, time and program automatic)
  • 1990: T60 (aperture priority with aperture setting on the lens)

FD

FD lenses

The table contains the FD lenses with the old version of the FD bayonet with the silver-colored clamping ring:

Manual fixed focal lengths with Canon FD bayonet
Lens designation Construction
lenses / groups 		Min. Aperture Number of
aperture blades 		Close
focus limit (m) 		Filter diameter (mm) Length ×
diameter (mm) 		Weight (g) Published on
FD 7.5mm f5.6 11/8 fa1 22 m 6th fix focus 6 × built-in 62 × 72 380 1971
FD 7.5mm f5.6 SSC 1973
FD 15mm f2.8 SSC 10/9 fa2 16 6th 0.3 4 × built-in 60.5 × 76 485 1973
FD 17mm f4 11/9 f 22nd 6th 0.25 72 56 × 75 490 1971
FD 17mm f4 SSC 450 1973
FD 20mm f2.8 SSC 10/9 f 22nd 6th 0.25 72 58 × 75 345 1973
FD 24mm f1.4 SSC Aspherical 10/8 a , f 16 8th 0.3 72 68 × 75 500 1975
FD 24mm f2.8 9/8 f 16 6th 0.3 55 52.5 × 66 410 1971
FD 24mm f2.8 SSC 330 1973
FD 28mm f2 SSC 9/8 f 22nd 8th 0.3 55 61 × 66 343 1975
FD 28mm f2.8 SC 7/7 22nd 5 0.3 55 49 × 64.6 280 1975
FD 28mm f2.8 SC (II) 47.2 × 65 230 1977
FD 28mm f3.5 6/6 16 6th 0.4 55 43 × 64 290 1971
FD 28mm f3.5 SC 250 1973
FD 35mm f2 (I) 9/8 th , f 16 8th 0.3 55 60 × 64 420 1971
FD 35mm f2 (II) 60 × 67
FD 35mm f2 (III) 1973
FD 35mm f2 SSC (I) 370 1973
FD 35mm f2 SSC (II) 9/8 f 22nd 60 × 65.3 345 1976
TS 35mm f2.8 ts 10/8 22 m 0.3 58 72 ×
TS 35mm f2.8 SSC ts 9/8 f 8th 74.5 × 67 550 1973
FD 35mm f3.5 6/6 16 6th 0.4 55 49 × 64 325 1971
FD 35mm f3.5 SC (I) 295 1973
FD 35mm f3.5 SC (II) 22nd 5 49 × 64.3 236 1975
FD 35mm f3.5 SC (III) 47 × 65 1977
FD 50mm f1.4 7/6 16 8th 0.45 55 49 × 66 370 1971
FD 50mm f1.4 SSC (I) 49 × 67 350 1973
FD 50mm f1.4 SSC (II) 49 × 65.3 305 1979
FD 50mm f1.8 (I) 6/4 16 6th 0.6 55 44.5 × 65 305 1971
FD 50mm f1.8 (II) 1971
FD 50mm f1.8 SC (I) 44.5 × 64 255 1973
FD 50mm f1.8 SC (II) 5 38.5 × 63 200 1976
FD 50mm f3.5 SSC macro 6/4 22nd 6th 0.232 (1: 2) 55 59.5 × 65.8 310 1973
FD 55mm f1.2 AL 8/6 a , f 16 8th 0.6 58 55 × 75.8 605 1971
FD 55mm f1.2 SSC AL 575 1973
FD 55mm f1.2 SSC Aspherical 1975
FD 55mm f1.2 7/5 52.5 × 75.8 565 1971
FD 55mm f1.2 SSC 1973
FD 85mm f1.2 SSC Aspherical 8/6 a , f 16 9 1 72 71 × 81 756 1976
FD 85mm f1.8 SSC 6/4 16 8th 0.9 55 57 × 67 425 1974
FD 100mm f2.8 5/5 22nd 8th 1 55 57 × 67 430 1971
FD 100mm f2.8 SSC 360 1973
FD 100mm f4 SC macro 5/3 32 6th 0.45 (1: 2) 55 112 × 67 530 1975
FD 135mm f2.5 6/5 22nd 8th 1.5 58 91 × ​​69 670 1971
FD 135mm f2.5 SC 630 1973
FD 135mm f3.5 4/3 22nd 8th 1.5 55 83 × 66 480 1970
FD 135mm f3.5 SC 465 1973
FD 135mm f3.5 SC (II) 4/4 6th 85 × 66 385 1976
FD 200mm f2.8 SSC 5/5 22nd 8th 1.8 72 140.5 × 78 700 1975
FD 200mm f4 6/5 22nd 8th 2.5 55 133 × 67 725 1971
FD 200mm f4 SSC 675 1973
FD 300mm f2.8 SSC Fluorite 6/5 flu 22nd 9 3.5 34 h 230 × 112 1900 1975
FD 300mm f4 SSC 6/6 if 22nd 9 3 34 h 204 × 85 965 1978
FD 300mm f4 L 7/7 if , flu , 1 32 9 3 34 h 208 × 85 1235 1978
FD 300mm f5.6 6/5 22nd 8th 4th 58 173 × 70 1155 1971
FD 300mm f5.6 SC 1125 1973
FD 300mm f5.6 SSC 6/5 if 3 55 198.3 × 64.5 685 1977
FD 400mm f4.5 SSC 6/5 if 22nd 8th 4th 34 h 282 × 94 1300 1975
FD 500mm f4.5 L 7/6 if , flu 32 9 4th 48 h 395 × 127 2950 1979
RL 500mm f8 SSC reflex 6/3 4th 34 h 146 × 90 740 1978
FD 600mm f4.5 SSC 6/5 if 22nd 9 8th 48 h 455 × 149 4300 1976
FD 800mm f5.6 SSC 6/5 if 22nd 9 14th 48 h 567 × 149 4300 1976
FD 800mm f5.6 L 7/6 if , flu 32 9 14th 48 h 577 × 149 4600 1979

Table with the FD zoom lenses with the old version of the FD bayonet:

Lens designation Construction
lenses / groups 		Min. Aperture Number of aperture blades Close
focus limit (m) 		Filter diameter (mm) Length ×
diameter (mm) 		Weight (g) Published on
FD 24-35mm f / 3.5 SSC Aspherical 12/9 a 22nd 6th 0.4 72 86.3 × 76 515 1978
FD 28-50mm f / 3.5 SSC 10/9 22nd 8th 1 58 105 × 69 470 1976
FD 35-70mm f / 2.8-3.5 SSC 10/10 22nd 8th 0.3 (macro) 58 120 × 69 575 1973
FD 80-200mm f / 4 SSC 15/11 32 8th 1 55 161 × 68 750 1976
FD 85-300mm f / 4.5 SSC 15/11 22nd 8th 2.5 Series IX 243.5 × 94 1800 1974
FD 100-200mm f / 5.6 s 8/5 22nd 8th 2.5 55 174 × 66 820 1971
FD 100-200mm f / 5.6 SC s 173 × 66 765 1973

The three teleconverters were only introduced after the introduction of the new FD bayonet, but still have the old version with a chrome-colored clamping ring:

designation Construction
lenses / groups 		description Length ×
diameter (mm) 		Weight (g) Published on
Extender FD 1.4 × A 4/3 Teleconverter 1.4x, for lenses from 300mm 34.6 × 64 210 1981
Extender FD 2 × A 6/4 Teleconverter 2-fold, for lenses from 300mm 35.2 × 64 210 ≤ 1980
Extender FD 2 × B 7/5 Teleconverter 2-fold, for lenses under 300mm 43 × 64 240 1980

New FD

new FD: at the top is the dimming lever, at the bottom right the shutter simulator, in between the contact pin for the light intensity transmission, on the left the unoccupied contact pin, on the right the unlocking button
Canon FD 50mm f / 1.8 with New FD connector; the release button is at the bottom left

In June 1979 Canon presented the modified New FD bayonet, which does not offer any additional functions, but only changes the handling. The silver-colored clamping ring is no longer available here, instead, as with other brands, the entire lens has to be rotated to lock it to the camera. The support surface with the transmission elements is rotatably mounted in the lens so that it does not rotate when locked against the camera. There is also a release button on the lens that clicks into place when the lens is attached and must be pressed to remove it.

The previous FD lenses were often, but not officially, designated with the addition of a chrome ring or clamp ring (Bracket Mount). The tilt-shift photography , the teleconverter and intermediate rings have not been converted to the new version, mostly as the FD lenses from other manufacturers. The new version is often unofficially referred to with the abbreviation nFD or FDn.

The New FD lenses no longer work with the CAT flash system.

New FD lenses

Table with nFD fixed focal length lenses:

Lens designation Construction
lenses / groups 		Min. Aperture Number of aperture blades Close
focus limit (m) 		Filter diameter (mm) Length ×
diameter (mm) 		Weight (g) Published on
Fisheye 7.5mm f / 5.6 11/8 fa1 22 m 6th (fix focus) 6 × built-in 62 × 72 365 1979
Fisheye FD 15mm f / 2.8 10/9 fa2 22nd 6th 0.2 4 × built-in 60.5 × 76 460 1980
FD 14mm f / 2.8 L 14/10 a , f 22nd 6th 0.25 Foils 83.5 × 74 490 1982
FD 17mm f / 4 11/9 f 22nd 6th 0.25 72 56 × 765 360 1979
FD 20mm f / 2.8 10/9 f 22nd 6th 0.25 58 × 76.5 305 1979
FD 24mm f / 1.4 L 10/8 a , f 16 8th 0.3 68 × 76.5 430 1979
FD 24mm f / 2 11/9 f 22nd 8th 0.3 52 50.6 × 63 285 1979
FD 24mm f / 2.8 10/9 f 22nd 6th 0.3 43 × 63 240 1979
FD 28mm f / 2 10/9 f 22nd 8th 0.3 47.2 × 63 265 1979
FD 28mm f / 2.8 7/7 22nd 5 0.3 40 × 63 170 1979
FD 35mm f / 2 10/8 f 22nd 8th 0.3 46 × 63 245 1979
FD 35mm f / 2.8 6/5 22nd 5 0.35 40 × 63 165 1979
FD 50mm f / 1.2 7/6 16 8th 0.5 45.6 × 65.3 315 1980
FD 50mm f / 1.2 L 8/6 a , f 16 8th 0.5 50.5 × 65.3 380 1980
FD 50mm f / 1.4 7/6 22nd 8th 0.45 41 × 63 235 1979
FD 50mm f / 1.8 6/4 22nd 5 0.6 35 × 63 170 1979
FD 50mm f / 2 6/4 16 5 0.6 35 × 63 170 1980
FD 50mm f / 3.5 MACRO 6/4 32 6th 0.232 (1: 2) 57 × 63 235 1979
FD 85mm f / 1.2 L 8/6 a , f 16 8th 0.9 72 71 × 80.8 680 1980
FD 85mm f / 1.8 6/4 22nd 8th 0.85 52 53.5 × 63 345 1979
FD 85mm f / 2.8 Soft Focus sf 6/4 22nd 9 0.8 58 70 × 70 400 1983
FD 100mm f / 2 6/4 32 8th 1 52 70 × 63 445 1980
FD 100mm f / 2.8 5/5 32 6th 1 53.4 × 63 270 1979
FD 100mm f / 4 MACRO 5/3 32 6th 0.45 (1: 2) 95 × 70.3 455 1979
FD 135mm f / 2 6/5 32 8th 1.3 72 90.4 × 78 670 1980
FD 135mm f / 2.8 6/5 32 8th 1.3 52 78 × 63 395 1979
FD 135mm f / 3.5 4/4 32 6th 1.3 85 × 63 325 1979
FD 200mm f / 1.8 L 11/9 if , flu , 1 22nd 8th 2.5 48 h 208 × 130 2800 1989
FD 200mm f / 2.8 5/5 32 8th 1.8 72 140.5 × 78 700 1979
FD 200mm f / 2.8 7/6 if 1.5 134.2 × 81.2 735 1982
FD 200mm f / 4 7/6 if 32 8th 1.5 52 121.5 × 63 440 1979
FD 200mm f / 4 MACRO 9/6 f 32 8th 0.58 (1: 1) 58 182.4 × 68.8 830 1981
FD 300mm f / 2.8 L 9/7 if , flu , 1 32 9 3 48 h 245 × 127 2310 1981
FD 300mm f / 4 6/6 if 32 9 3 34 h 204 × 85 945 1981
FD 300mm f / 4 L 7/7 if , flu , 1 32 9 3 207 × 85 1060 1980
FD 300mm f / 5.6 6/5 if 32 8th 3 58 198.5 × 65 635 1979
FD 400mm f / 2.8 L 10/8 if , flu , 2 32 9 4th 48 h 348 × 166 5350 1981
FD 400mm f / 4.5 6/5 if 32 9 4th 34 h 287.5 × 102 1270 1981
Reflex 500mm f / 8 6/3 - - 4th 146 × 90 705 1980
FD 500mm f / 4.5 L 7/6 if , flu , 1 32 9 5 48 h 395 × 128 2610 1981
FD 600mm f / 4.5 6/5 if 32 9 8th 462 × 154 3750 1981
FD 800mm f / 5.6 L 7/6 if , flu , 1 32 9 14th 577 × 154 4230 1981

nFD zoom lenses:

Lens designation Construction
lenses / groups 		Min. Aperture Number of aperture blades Close
focus limit (m) 		Filter diameter (mm) Length ×
diameter (mm) 		Weight (g) Published on
FD 24-35mm f / 3.5 L 12/9 a 22nd 6th 0.4 72 86.6 × 76.5 495 1979
FD 20-35mm f / 3.5 L 11/11 a 22nd 6th 0.5 72 84.2 × 76.5 470 1984
FD 28-50mm f / 3.5 10/9 22nd 8th 1 58 99.5 × 69 470 1979
FD 28-55mm f / 3.5-4.5 10/10 22nd 5 0.4 52 60.9 × 63 220 1983
FD 28-85mm f / 4 13/11 22nd 8th 0.5 72 104.1 × 76.5 485 1985
FD 35-70mm f / 2.8-3.5 10/10 22nd 8th 1 58 120 × 69 545 1979
FD 35-70mm f / 4 8/8 22nd 6th 0.5 52 84.5 × 63 315 1979
FD 35-70mm f / 3.5-4.5 9/8 22nd 8th 0.5 52 60.9 × 63 200 1983
FD 35-105mm f / 3.5 15/13 22nd 5 1.5 72 108.4 × 765 600 1981
FD 35-105mm f / 3.5-4.5 s 14/11 22nd 5 1.2 58 83.7 × 66.8 345 1985
FD 50-135mm f / 3.5 s 16/12 32 8th 1.5 58 125.4 × 71.4 720 1981
FD 50-300mm f / 4.5 L 16/13 flu 32 8th 2.53 34 h 250 × 104 1800 1982
FD 70-150mm f / 4.5 s 12/9 32 6th 1.5 52 132 × 63 530 1979
FD 70-210mm f / 4 s 12/9 32 8th 1.2 58 151 × 72.2 705 1980
FD 75-200mm f / 4.5 s 11/8 32 6th 1.8 52 123 × 71 510 1984
FD 80-200mm f / 4 15/11 32 8th 1 58 161 × 67.9 765 1979
FD 80-200mm f / 4 L s 14/12 flu 32 8th 0.95 58 153 × 72.8 675 1985
FD 85-300mm f / 4.5 15/11 32 8th 2.5 Series IX 246.8 × 94 1630 1981
FD 100-200mm f / 5.6 s 8/5 32 6th 2.5 52 167 × 63 610 1979
FD 100-300mm f / 5.6 s 14/9 32 8th 2 58 207 × 72.2 835 1980
FD 100-300mm f / 5.6 s 15/9 32 172 × 71.4 705
FD 100-300mm f / 5.6 L s 15/10 flu 32 8th 2 58 172 × 71.4 710 1985
FD 150-600mm f / 5.6 L s 19/15 flu 32 9 12 34 h 468 × 123 4350 1982
fa1 Fisheye lens with equidistant projection and 180 ° image angle, creates a circular image; a filter turret with six non-exchangeable filters is installed; The filter is included in the optical construction (lenses / groups)
fa2Fisheye lens with true-to-area projection and 180 ° diagonal angle of view, exposes the entire 35mm format; a filter turret with four non-exchangeable filters is installed; The filter is included in the optical construction (lenses / groups)
thwith thorium dioxide -containing glass (radioactive, turns yellow over time); This version can be recognized by the concave front surface
mmanual aperture, no spring aperture , no aperture or automatic program possible
fluwith lens (s) made of fluorite or glass with anomalous dispersion to correct / reduce the secondary spectrum
1 including 1 protective glass in front of the front lens
2 including 2 protective glasses in front of the front lens
sfthe spherical aberration is adjustable for blurring ; the lenses are shifted axially against each other
sSlide zoom with common setting ring for focal length (move) and distance (turn); the FD 150-600mm has an adjustment button for this on the left
HFilter holder that is pushed into the holder behind the last lens; The filter is not included in the optical construction (lenses / groups)

Autofocus lens

An autofocus lens was already available for the FD system with the Zoom FD 35-70 mm f / 4 AF. Its focus setting works with its own battery and is completely independent of the camera housing, so that no additional transmission elements were required. It appeared in May 1981 and was not widely used. It has the same optical system as the corresponding manually focussed variant.

distribution

With the extremely successful AE-1 and A-1 camera models and thus also with the FD bayonet, Canon rose to become the market leader in amateur cameras.

AC bayonet (FD bayonet with autofocus transmission)

Canon T-80 with AC lens

Period

Since there was already an autofocus reflex camera with the Minolta 7000 , but the EOS system was still in development, Canon provided an interim solution with the AC bayonet, which appeared in April 1985 and was discontinued the following year.

construction

The AC bayonet supplements the FD bayonet with 6 electrical contact pins on the lens that are to the right of the mirror in the direction of the camera. Just like the later EF bayonet, there are spring-loaded and gold-plated pins on the camera as well as gold-plated contact surfaces on the lens. This electrical connection enables the power supply and control of an autofocus unit in the lenses, which is located to the side of the lens system in the asymmetrically shaped lens mount. Only three AC lenses were built:

  • AC 50 mm f / 1.8
  • AC 35-70 mm f / 3.5-4.5
  • AC 75-200mm f / 4.5

The AC lenses can also be connected to the cameras for the FD bayonet. Then the focus has to be adjusted manually. Since the lenses do not have an aperture ring, they can only be dimmed by cameras with aperture or program automatic.

camera

With the T-80 there is only one camera for the AC lenses. It also works with the FD lenses.

gallery

  • FD 15mm f / 2.8 SSC

  • FD 20mm f / 2.8 SSC

  • FD 35mm f / 2 SSC

  • FD 35mm f / 3.5

  • FD 50 mm f / 1.4 (first version: with chrome-plated filter thread)

  • FD 50mm f / 1.4 SSC

  • FD 50mm f / 1.2 SSC

  • FD 85mm f / 1.8 SSC

  • FD 100mm f / 2.8 S. S. C.

  • FD 135mm f / 3.5 SC

  • new FD 24mm f / 2.8

  • new FD 50mm f / 1.8

  • new FD 85 mm f / 1.8

  • new FD 135mm f / 3.5

  • Mirror lens objective R 500 mm f / 8 (new connection)

  • new FD 35 - 105 mm f / 3.5

  • new FD 100 - 200mm f / 5.6

literature

  • Günter Richter: The Canon Reflex System. Laterna Magica publishing house, Munich 1978. ISBN 3-87467-118-6 .
  • Günter Richter: Canon F-1. Heering-Verlag, Seebruck am Chiemsee 1977, ISBN 3-7763-3341-3 .

Web links

Commons : FD Lenses  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manual prime lenses. In: www.festbrennwide.de. Retrieved July 4, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Cameraville: Canon FD list. Retrieved March 12, 2020 .
  3. ^ Canon camera museum. Retrieved March 8, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Canon camera museum: NFD. Retrieved March 8, 2020 .