Capitosauria
| Capitosauria | ||||||||||
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Capitosaurus |
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| Indusium to Callovium | ||||||||||
| 251 to 161.2 million years | ||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Capitosauria | ||||||||||
| Schoch & Milner , 2000 |
The Capitosauria are extinct, early terrestrial vertebrates from the Temnospondyli group . They lived from the Lower Triassic to the Middle Jurassic and spread over all continents. They died out shortly before the end of the Triassic. The Capitosauria include all taxa that are more closely related to Parotosuchus than to Trematosaurus .
The first Capito dinosaur fossil, including parts of the skull of more than one meter in length, was in the first half of the 19th century a mine near Gaildorf in northern Württemberg found and GF hunters as gigantic Salamander Mastodonsaurus giganteus described . Today we know 20 genera and 42 valid species.
features
Of all the Temnospondyli, the Capitosauria were among the largest. They reached lengths of three to four meters, the large, very strongly flattened skull could reach a length of one meter in large forms. Their legs and the degree of ossification of the skeleton were reduced, so most of them were likely mandatory aquatic life. The others lived semi-aquatic.
Systematics
Internal system
The internal systematics according to Fortuny et al. (2010):
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External system
The Capitosauria are the sister group of the Trematosauria , which lived in the Triassic. These are summarized in the Stereospondyli group. Together with the Dvinosauria they form the taxon Limnarchia , which in turn is a sister taxon of an unnamed group that includes today's amphibians ( Lissamphibia ).
| Temnospondyli |
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stratigraphy
- Indusium : Wetlugasaurus , Watsonisuchus .
- Olenekian : surviving early Capitosauria, Sclerothorax , Parotosuchus , Odenwaldia , Stanocephalosaurus birdi .
- Anisium : Eocyclotosaurus , Quasicyclotosaurus , Mastodonsaurus , Stenotosaurus .
- Ladinium : Eryosuchus , Xenotosuchus , Kupferzellia , Tatrasuchus , “Cyclotosaurus” papilio , Mastodonsaurus .
- Carnium : Capitosaurus , Cyclotosaurus , Mastodonsaurus .
- Norium : Only Cyclotosaurus left in Greenland and Eurasia.
For Procyclotosaurus , Paracyclotosaurus , Cherninia , and “Stanocephalosaurus” pronus only the middle Triassic is given.
literature
- Michael J. Benton : Paleontology of the vertebrates. 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4
- Robert L. Carroll : Paleontology and Evolution of the Vertebrates , Thieme, Stuttgart (1993), ISBN 3-13-774401-6
- Rainer R. Schoch: The Capitosauria (Amphibia): characters, phylogeny, and stratigraphy. Palaeodiversity 1: 189-226; Stuttgart, December 30, 2008 ( PDF 6.9 MB, accessed March 1, 2013)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fortuny et al .: A new capitosaur from the Middle Triassic of Spain and the relationships within the Capitosauria (PDF; 857 kB), 2010
