Swallow-like

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Swallow-like
Long-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus)

Long-tailed nightjar ( Caprimulgus macrurus )

Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata)
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Swallow-like
Scientific name
Caprimulgiformes
Ridgway , 1881

The swallow-like (Caprimulgiformes) are an order of birds . According to a more recent scientific view, the order comprising four or five families according to earlier classifications only includes the nightjar family (Caprimulgidae). Swallow-like are crepuscular and nocturnal, their plumage is soft and of a camouflage-like, brown or gray color. They mainly feed on insects , which they catch with their broad beak.

Systematics

The swallow-like species were divided into four families with around 90 species by the end of the 2010s: fat swallows (Steatornithidae), owl swallows ( Podargidae), day sleepers (Nyctibiidae) and night swallows (Caprimulgidae). A fifth family, the former cave swallow (Aegothelidae), is now in the order of the sailor birds (Apodiformes), because they would have made the swallow-like paraphyletic .

More recent studies on mitochondrial DNA showed, however, that paraphyly still existed in the swallow-like even after the cave dew was removed. The families gathered in the order up to now all show a high evolutionary age, as it usually only occurs between other orders. Based on this, the fat swallows, day sleepers and owl swallows were removed from the order that has been monotypical since then and only includes the night swallow family.

The family relationships of the Schwalm-like families and their paraphyly in relation to the sailing birds (Apodiformes) become clear in the following cladogram .

  Strisores  

Nightjar (Caprimulgidae)


   


Fat swallows (Steatornithidae)


   

Day sleeper (Nyctibiidae)



   

Owl dong (Podargidae)


   

Cave Dwarf (Aegothelidae)


   

Sailor birds (Apodiformes)






Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frank Gill and Minturn Wright: Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-7136-7904-2
  2. ^ IOC note ( Memento of October 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature (North & Middle America) Proposals 2008-C (PDF; 109 kB)
  4. ↑ Gerald Mayr: Osteological evidence for paraphyly of the avian or Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and allies). In: Journal für Ornithologie, 143: 82–97, 2002 ( online ; PDF; 470 kB)
  5. ↑ Hackett et al .: A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History . Science, 320: 1763–1768 ( doi : 10.1126 / science.1157704 )
  6. ^ Van Remsen: Proposal (703) to South American Classification Committee - Elevate Steatornithidae and Nyctibiidae to rank of Order. In: lsu.edu. 2016, accessed December 27, 2019 .
  7. ↑ R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, JV Remsen Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, Kevin Winker: Fifty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds . In: The Auk . tape 133 , no. 3 , 2016, p. 544-560 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-16-77.1 .
  8. ↑ Richard O. Prum et al. A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature, October 7, 2015; doi: 10.1038 / nature15697
  9. ↑ Albert Chen, Noor D. White, Roger BJ Benson, Michael J. Braun and Daniel J. Field. 2019. Total-Evidence Framework Reveals Complex Morphological Evolution in Nightbirds (Strisores). Diversity. 2019, 11 (9); 143. DOI: 10.3390 / d11090143

Web links

Commons : Swallow-like  - album with pictures, videos and audio files