Sailing birds
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| Apodiformes | ||||||
| Peters , 1940 |
The apodiformes (Apodiformes; ancient Greek - Latin with the first word component ἄπους ápous , here meaning "feet do not gebrauchend bad foot") are an order of birds . They include the sailors (Apodidae) with 92 species, the tree swifts (Hemiprocnidae) with four species, the hummingbirds (Trochilidae), which represent 330–340 species, and more recently also the cave swallow (Aegothelidae) with nine species. The only sailing birds found in Germany are the common swift ( Apus apus ) and the Alpine swift ( Tachymarptis melba ).
Systematics
Traditionally, three families, the sailors , the tree swifts and the hummingbirds , are counted among the sailing birds. In 2009, the cave dwalms were added, which are the sister group of the other three families and have traditionally been placed in the order of the swallow-like (Caprimulgiformes).
The family relationships become clear in the following cladogram .
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Swallow-like (Caprimulgiformes) |
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| Sailing birds (new) |
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Tribal history
The sailing birds have been found to be fossilized since the early Tertiary . Jungornis from the Oligocene shows both characteristics of hummingbirds strongly derived as a generalized and more sailors birds. It forms a monophyletic group with the hummingbirds. Scaniacypselus from the middle Eocene is close to the sailors. Aegialornis from the Middle Eocene of France and Germany was also found in the Messel Pit and is classified in the extinct family Aegialornithidae.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language. 3rd edition, 6th print, Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914. 1914, accessed on October 23, 2017 (word formation from the word stem ἄποδ- ápod- recognizable in the genitive . Aristotle used the term in his Historia animalium ; there it is mentioned in 9 , 30 "the [birds] with stunted feet, some of them call themselves kypselous , insofar as they are similar to swallows [...].").
- ^ Frank Gill and Minturn Wright: BIRDS OF THE WORLD Recommended English Names. Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-7136-7904-2 .
- ↑ AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature (North & Middle America) Proposals 2008-C (PDF; 109 kB)
- ↑ Gerald Mayr: Phylogeny of early tertiary swifts and hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes). Auk 120 (1): 145-151. PDF ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
