Carabus arcadicus
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Carabus arcadicus |
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| Gistel , 1850 |
Carabus arcadicus is a beetle from the family of ground beetles . The genus Carabus is represented in Europe with thirty-six sub-genera. Carabus arcadicus belongs to the subgenus Chaetocarabus . This is represented in Central Europe by Carabus intricatus .
The beetle is only found in Greece and possibly Albania. In its first description it is described as one of the most beautiful carabids . ,
Note on names and synonyms
The striking beetle was described by Gistel in 1850 under the name still valid today, and in 1853 under the name Carabus adonis by Hampe. In 1955, Mandl described particularly small specimens as alpine forms ( Morphe ) under the name Carabus (Chaetocarabus) intricatus arcadicus m. parnassica .
Carabus arcadicus merlini is listed in some databases as a subspecies of Carabus arcadicus , in others as a separate species Carabus merlini Schaum 1861. An open letter from Schaufuss shows that Schaufuss wanted to describe the beetle as a new species in a French specialist journal. However, the magazine declined to publish because Foam had classified the beetle as a geographic breed. Schaufuss refers to the short messages in which Schaum 1861 takes the view that despite the obvious differences, merlini are only a geographical race. In a footnote, Schramm provides a diagnosis of merlini in Latin. 1903 finds were of intermediate forms between arcadicus and merlini announced. In Figures 3 to 6, two corresponding views of Carabus arcadicus arcadicus and Carabus arcadicus merlini are juxtaposed . There is a picture on the Internet with the Aedeagus of both subspecies.
The species names arcadicus and parnassicus refer to locations where the beetle was found ( Arcadia and Parnassus ). The species name adonis alludes to the beetle's beauty. The name merlini proposed by Krüper (Krüper). Krüper found the beetle in Greece and gave Schaufuss to describe it.
The name Carabus appeared at Linnaeus even before the binomial nomenclature was introduced and was initially used by him for all ground beetles except tiger beetles . The name of the subgenus Chaetocarabus (from Carabus and ancient Greek χαίτη "chāīte" for "bristle") goes back to Thomson 1875. Thomson differentiates with the subgenus the Carabus species with not thickened, swollen back of the head, the penultimate probe link is bristled, from those in which the penultimate link is not bristled.
Properties of the beetle
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| Fig. 1: Front view | Fig. 2: Habitat |
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| Fig. 3: C. arcadicus arcadicus | Fig. 4: C. arcadicus merlini |
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| Fig. 5: C. arcadicus arcadicus | Fig. 6: C. arcadicus merlini |
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| Fig. 7: Section from the wing cover, yellow arrowheads on some points of the inner stripe with pierced points, white arrowheads on pierced points arranged on the outside |
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The beetle, about thirty millimeters long and twelve millimeters wide, is only slightly arched. The males are slightly slimmer than the females. In the nominate shape , the underside, mouthparts, antennae and legs are glossy black. The upper side is colored, the head and pronotum shiny red and green and gold, the wing-coverts blue-black with a red-gold edge. The subspecies merlini is black throughout.
The head is elongated and mostly smooth. The upper jaws are long and sickle-shaped. The terminal phalanx of the three-part jaw and lip palpation is greatly enlarged in the male, but less so in the female. In both sexes, the middle link of the jaw probe has only a few very short bristles near the end link. The middle section of the lip probe is very scattered with more than four bristles (super macros on the Internet). The first four links of the long, eleven-link antennae are black, the following ones appear brownish through the hair.
The heart-shaped pronotum is no wider than it is long. It has a straight base and is pointed at the rear corners and slightly bent up. The pronotum is high edged and traversed lengthways by a deep center line. This branches out in the last fifth, the branches are slightly bulged towards the outer edge. The pronotum is wavy perpendicular to the midline, wrinkled on the edge. Towards the center the color goes from coppery to black, towards the edge the pronotum becomes greenish, in merlini it is completely black.
The label is matt black and over four times as wide as it is long.
The elytra are moderately arched. They are finely striped lengthways, with merlini the striping is coarser and more irregular. Three of the stripes are interrupted by punctured points (in Fig. 7 some of these points are marked with yellow or white arrowheads for the inner or outer of these stripes). In the nominate form, a wide border strip that is greenish on the inside and golden on the outside runs in front of the margin. The side margin is raised and black.
The legs are long and slender, all tarsi five-limbed. In the males, the tarsi of the front legs are widened and have brush-shaped cushions made of adhesive hair on the underside. In Carabus arcadicus males, the first three tarsi segments are fully brushed, the fourth tarsi segment only partially (in the super macros, the gender differences in the front tarsi are clearly visible).
larva
With regard to the structure of the larvae, the genus Carabus can be divided into three groups of sub-genera. Carabus arcadicus belongs to the Neocarabus group. These do not only have bristles on the third and fourth antennae of the larvae, but also on the first and second antennae. There are no bristles on the front edge of the head skeleton. The tergites have fine hairs on the sides.
biology
The species occurs mainly in the montane mountain forest, exceptionally also in the subalpine and alpine zone up to 2200 meters altitude. Fig. 2 shows the habitat of a fir forest with a lot of damp, lying dead wood. The animals reproduce in spring, and freshly hatched specimens are found in autumn. The overwintering of beetles is often gregarious, occasionally in the ground, usually under the bark, mostly of pines. Hibernating larvae could also be observed. When comparing the caraben fauna on burned and non-burned areas at an altitude between 1400 and 1650 m, Carabus merlini was classified as widespread. The beetle was found in subalpine locations as well as in the majority of the other study areas; it was only missing in some of the areas damaged by fire.
distribution
Carabus arcadicus arcadius occurs only in Greece and possibly in Albania, according to another source only in Greece between 600 and 1800 m altitude, from Pindus in the north-west to Olympus in the east, also south of the Parnassus and the Helicon . Carabus arcadicus merlini is only found in Greece and only on the Peloponnese up to an altitude of 2000 m.
literature
H. Turin, L. Peney, A. Casale (Eds.): The Genus Carabus in Europe - A Synthesis Co-published by Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow & European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden 2003, ISBN 954-642-120-0 . PDF , mainly p. 241 ff
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Carabus arcadicus from Fauna Europaea, accessed on September 29, 2019
- ↑ a b c Johannes Gistel, Tr. Bromme: Handbook of the natural history of all three kingdoms Stuttgart 1850 p. 622 Carabus arcadicus
- ↑ Clemens Hampe: Description of a new ground beetle in negotiations of the zoological-botanical association Vienna Vol. 3, Vienna 1853 p. 134 Carabus Adonis
- ^ Karl Mandl: Results of a revision of the Carabiden collection of the Natural History Museum - (4th part) in Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna Volume 60 1955 p. 262 Carabus (Chaetocarabus) intricatus arcadicus m. parnassica
- ↑ Ivan Löbl, Daniel Löbl (eds.): Catalog of Palaearctic Coleoptera: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga Vol. 1, revised and updated, Brill Leiden | Boston 2017 p. 103 Carabus arcadicus merlini in the Google book search
- ↑ BioLib , accessed October 4, 2019
- ↑ GBIF accessed October 4, 2019
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Schaufuss: An open letter to all entomologists Dresden 1863 p. 10 Carabus arcadicus merlini in the Google book search
- ^ Hermann Rudolf Schaum: Kleiner Mitteilungen - A. About Coleoptera in Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 5th year, 3rd and 4th quarterly issue, Berlin 1861 p. 396
- ↑ Paul Born: A new form by Carabus Adonis Hampe in Insecten-Börse 20th year, No. 1, Leipzig 1903, p. 98
- ↑ Insecterra Aedeagi in the lower third of the page
- ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologicus 2nd edition, Jena 1922
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Systema naturæ sistens regna tria naturæ, in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta 6th edition, Leipzig 1748 Carabus
- ^ Carl Gustav Thomson: Några anmärkningar öfver arterna af slägeet Carabus . In Opuscula entomologica Volume 7, Lund 1875 p. 615 ff p. 639 Chaetocarabus
- ↑ a b Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Virtualcollections Natural Sciences Super macro male Carabus arcadicus , right slide focused on the fifth sixth down on the jaw probe , additionally the lower slide on the second sixth to the right focused on the lip probe
- ↑ a b Flickr, Nico van der Linden super macro female Carabus arcadicus
- ↑ J.-B- Géhin: Lettres pour servir à L'Histoire des Insectes de la tribu des Carabides - 3rd letter in Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz 2nd series, 15th issue, 1st part, Metz 1878 p. 14 Number of bristles on lip switch
- ↑ J.-B- Géhin: Lettres pour servir à L'Histoire des Insectes de la tribu des Carabides - 5th letter in Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz 2nd series, 15th issue, 1st part, Metz 1878 p. 72 Number of pillows made from adhesive hair
- ↑ James Thomson: Déscription de trois Carabes in Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 3rd series, 4th volume, Paris 1856 p. 335 Carabus adonis , drawings
- ↑ Turin, Casale, Kryzhanovskij, Makarov, Penev: Checklist and Atlas of the Genus Carabus in Europe (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Universal Book Services / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden 1993
- ↑ Iannis Anastasiou, Spiros Sfenthourakis, Dimitris Tsaparis, Anastasios Legakis: A comparison of arthropod communities at burnt and non-burnt mountain sides National and Campodistrian University of Athens, 9th International Congress on the Zoogeography and Ecology of Greece and Adjacent Regions, Thessaloniki, Greece , 22-25 / 5/2002 [1]
- ↑ Carabus merlini from Fauna Europaea, accessed on October 9, 2019
- ↑ Czech page about Carabus a little behind the middle of the page
