Caralluma

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Caralluma
Caralluma attenuata

Caralluma attenuata

Systematics
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Dog poison family (Apocynaceae)
Subfamily : Silk plants (Asclepiadoideae)
Tribe : Ceropegieae
Sub tribus : Stapeliinae
Genre : Caralluma
Scientific name
Caralluma
R.Br.

Caralluma is a species-rich plant genus ofover 60 species, subspecies and varieties ofthe subfamily silk plants (Asclepiadoideae), which was previously mostly regarded as an independent family , but is now mostly classified as a subfamily of the dog poison family(Apocynaceae). The name is derived from the Arabic qarh al-luhum = "wound in the flesh".

features

The species of the genus Caralluma are perennial stem succulent plants. The smooth shoots are four-ribbed or square-edged in cross-section and quickly taper towards the tip of the shoot. The ribs are broken in some types of warts. The small leaves fall off quickly.

The flowers are on long and bare flower stalks individually or in a zymous inflorescence . The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry, five-fold flowers usually measure only a few centimeters in diameter with a double perianth . The five sepals are fused. The five petals are flat to bell-shaped fused with flat-triangular to elongated corolla lobes. The secondary crown is cup-shaped and low or stalked. It is divided into the staminal and interstaminal side crown . There are two free, upper carpels . The slender, often quite long (9 to 11 cm) follicles are arranged in pairs at an acute or right angle.

Occurrence

This genus is in the tropical and sub-tropical dry areas ( arid ) Asia and Africa spread.

Caralluma adscendens var. Bicolor
Caralluma fimbriata , illustration
Caralluma stalagmifera

Systematics

The Caralluma system is controversial. In 1995, Plowes divided it into eight genres. Müller and Albers (succulent lexicon) consider a division of the genus into four sub-genera, possibly also six sub-genera or genera. However, the species are conservatively described under the broad genus name Caralluma :

  • Caralluma (Caralluma)
  • Caralluma (Urmalcala)
  • Caralluma (Boucerosia)
  • Caralluma (Desmidorchis)
  • Caralluma (Australluma)
  • Caralluma (Caudanthera)

Here is a list of the types according to WCSP:

  • Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. : With four varieties:
    • Caralluma adscendens var. Adscendens : It occurs in India.
    • Caralluma adscendens var. Bicolor (VSRamach., S.Joseph, HAJohn & Sofiya) Karupp., Ugraiah & Pull. (Syn .: Caralluma bicolor V.S. Ramach., S.Joseph, HAJohn & Sofiya ): It occurs in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
    • Caralluma adscendens var. Carinata Gravely & Mayur. : It occurs in southern India.
    • Caralluma adscendens var. Gracilis Gravely & Mayur. : It occurs in southern India.
  • Caralluma arachnoidea (PROBally) MGGilbert . With two varieties:
    • Caralluma arachnoidea var. Arachnoidea : It occurs from southwestern Ethiopia to northern Tanzania.
    • Caralluma arachnoid var. Breviloba (probally) MGGilbert : It occurs from southwestern Ethiopia to Kenya.
  • Caralluma attenuata Wight (Syn .: Caralluma adscendens var. Attenuata (Wight) Grav. & Mayur. ): It occurs in India.
  • Caralluma baradii Lavranos : It occurs in central Somalia.
  • Caralluma bhupinderiana J.S.Sarkaria : It occurs in southern India.
  • Caralluma bicolor V.S. Ramach., S.Joseph, HAJohn & Sofiya : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Today it is better placed as a variety of Caralluma adscendens .
  • Caralluma congestiflora P.ROBally : It occurs in Somalia.
  • Caralluma dalzielii N.E.Br. : It occurs from western tropical Africa to Sudan.
  • Caralluma kannurensis Plowes : It occurs in Sudan.
  • Caralluma dicapuae (Chiov.) Chiov. : It occurs from Eritrea to Kenya.
  • Caralluma dolichocarpa Schwartz : It occurs in southern Yemen.
  • Caralluma edwardsiae (M.Gilbert) MGGilbert : It occurs in southern Ethiopia.
  • Caralluma fimbriata Wall. (Syn .: Caralluma adscendens var. Fimbriata (Wall.) Gravely & Mayur. ): It occurs in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
  • Caralluma flavovirens L.E. Newton : It occurs in southeastern Kenya.
  • Caralluma furta P.ROBally : It occurs from eastern Ethiopia to Somalia.
  • Caralluma geniculata (Gravely & Mayur.) Meve & Liede : It occurs in Tamil Nadu .
  • Caralluma gracilipes K.Schum. : It occurs from eastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania.
  • Caralluma lamellosa M.G. Gilbert & Thulin : It occurs in northern Somalia.
  • Caralluma longiflora M.G. Gilbert : It occurs from southern Ethiopia to northeastern Kenya.
  • Caralluma moniliformis P.ROBally : It occurs in northern Somalia.
  • Caralluma moorei Aditya : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from the Indian state of Odisha .
  • Caralluma mouretii A. Chev. : It occurs in Mauritania.
  • Caralluma peckii P.ROBally : It occurs from Ethiopia to Kenya.
  • Caralluma petraea Lavranos : It occurs on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Caralluma plicatiloba Lavranos : It occurs on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Caralluma priogonium K.Schum. : It occurs in Equatorial Guinea and from Ethiopia to northern Tanzania.
  • Caralluma sarkariae Lavranos & RMIFrandsen : With two varieties:
    • Caralluma sarkariae var. Longipedicellata Aditya : It comes in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu before.
    • Caralluma sarkariae var. Sarkariae : It occurs in southern India.
  • Caralluma stalagmifera C.EC fish. : It occurs in southwest India.
  • Caralluma subulata Forssk. : It occurs on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Caralluma turneri E.A. Bruce : With two varieties:
    • Caralluma turneri subsp. turneri : It occurs from southern Ethiopia to Kenya.
    • Caralluma turneri subsp. ukambensis (PROBally) LENewton : It occurs in Kenya.
  • Caralluma vaduliae Lavranos : It occurs from eastern Ethiopia to Somalia.
  • Caralluma wilhelmii Thulin : The species first described in 2009 occurs in eastern Ethiopia.

According to WCSP, the following species, which according to Müller and Albers in Albers & Meve were counted here, no longer belong to this genus:

literature

  • Focke Albers & Ulli Meve (eds.): Succulent lexicon Volume 3 Asclepiadaceae (silk plants). 322 pp., Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 978-3-8001-3982-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Description in the Flora of Pakistan. (engl.)
  2. ^ Darrel Charles Herbert Plowes: A reclassification of Caralluma R. Brown (Stapelieae: Asclepiadaceae) . In: Haseltonia . Volume 3, 1995, pp. 49-70.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Caralluma - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last viewed on January 2, 2020.
  4. ^ A new species of Caralluma (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae - Ceropegieae) from the Yemen . In: South African Journal of Botany . Volume 76, number 2, April 2010, pp. 249-251, DOI: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2009.11.001

further reading

  • Peter V. Bruyns, Amina al Farsi, Terry Hedderson: Phylogenetic relationships of Caralluma R. Br. (Apocynaceae) . In: Taxon . Volume 59, Number 4, 2010, pp. 1031-1043. Researchgate , JSTOR .

Web links

Commons : Caralluma  - collection of images, videos and audio files