Caudron C. 440
| Caudron 440 Goéland | |
|---|---|
 Caudron C. 449 Goéland in Pontoise 1957 |
|
| Type: | Liaison aircraft , trainer aircraft |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
March 5, 1935 |
| Commissioning: |
1935 |
| Production time: |
1935-1948 |
| Number of pieces: |
> 1400 |
The Caudron C.440 Goéland and its various series versions are aircraft in mixed construction for a two-person crew and six passengers. The pattern was produced by Caudron since 1936 for the airlines Air Afrique and Air Bleu , among others . The aircraft was equipped with two Renault engines.
history
The first larger series rolled off the line in 1939. It was designated as C.445 M and was intended for the Armée de l'air . After 90 aircraft were built, the C.445 / 1 version was converted, a total of 849 copies being produced from 1940 to 1943.
After the German occupation in June 1940
After the armistice in June 1940, production was stopped, but resumed in September 1940 due to orders from the German Air Force . The series C.445 / 1 ran out in March 1943. Due to contractual agreements with the German side, the C.445 EF series could be started for Vichy France in January 1942. By November 1942 a total of 58 new aircraft of this series had been delivered. After the German occupation of the rest of France, the series continued until August 1943, but had to be discontinued after a heavy Allied bombing raid on Renault, Billancourt and Caudron , Issy-le-Moulinaux , so that between February and October 1943 only another 64 C.445s EF, which were taken over by the Air Force.
With 752 aircraft built for the Luftwaffe, the C.445 was an important addition to the German training aircraft in the Focke-Wulf Fw 58 and Siebel Si 204 class , until it was successively replaced by the Si 204 series that started in 1942. In total, the Luftwaffe received 752 C.445 new builds: 1940: 69, 1941: 230, 1942: 334 and 1943: 119 C.445. In addition, there were a number of aircraft that were captured and used in 1940. During the occupation of the rest of France in November 1942, only ten C.445s could be taken over by the Luftwaffe as booty, which were immediately delivered to Luftflotte 3 and the head of training.
Use in civil aviation
From September 1940, Vichy organized civil traffic with the help of Air France and the Armée de l'Air as the Service Civile de Liaisons Aériennes. Three groups of the SCLA were founded with headquarters in the mother country, in North Africa and West Africa. Civil aviation, medical flights for the military units and liaison flights in the official order were defined as tasks. The equipment consisted of Air France aircraft that had survived the war and aircraft from the Armée de l'Air, mainly Caudron Goéland, of which the SCLA received around 150. The 44 C.445 stationed in France were confiscated in November 1942 by Lufthansa , which delivered some to the Luftwaffe by 1944. Another part was destroyed in the Allied air raids in 1944 on Toulouse - Montaudron and Toulouse- Francazal airports . The rest were incorporated into the French Air Force and the Air France fleet after the Liberation.
After the Second World War
After the war, 349 C.449 were built, mainly for the schools of the Armée de l'Air. Some aircraft were used for civil purposes, including Air France.
Versions
- C.440: 1 copy, first flight March 5, 1935, 2 × Renault Bengali-Six (180 hp)
- C.441: 3 copies, 1935, 2 × Renault 453 (200 PS)
- C.444: 17 copies, 1936, 2 × Renault 6-Q-00/01 (220 PS)
- C.445: 17 copies, 1936, 2 × Renault 6-Q-00/01 (220 PS)
- C. 445 M: 90 copies, 1939, 2 × Renault 6-Q-08/09 (220 PS)
- C. 445/1: 849 copies, 1939–1943, 2 × Renault 6-Q-10/11 (220 hp)
- C.445 EF: 120 copies, 1942/43, 2 × Renault 6-Q-10/11 (220 PS)
- C.445 / 3: 25 copies, 1945/46, 2 × Renault 6-Q-10/11 (220 PS)
- C.446: 1 copy, 1943, 2 × Renault 12-R-01/02 (450 PS)
- C.447: medical version, 25 conversions 1942–1947
- C.448: from 1936, only conversions with increased take-off mass, 2 × Renault 6-Q-02/03 (240 PS)
- C. 449: 349 copies, 1945–1948, 2 × Renault 6-Q-02/03 (240 hp), five versions
From 1936 to 1948 a total of around 1400 aircraft were built by the Goéland, 810 of them during the German occupation. This made the Goéland the most-built aircraft in the French aviation industry between 1940 and 1944.
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Caudron C. 441 | C.445 | C.445M | C.448 | C.449 / 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First flight | 1935 | 1936 | 1939 | 1936 | 1949 |
| built | 4th | 114 | 404 | 7 conversions | 295 |
| crew | 2 | ||||
| Passengers | 6th | ||||
| length | 13.65 m | 13.80 m | 13.68 m | 13.8 m | 13.76 m |
| span | 17.60 m | ||||
| height | 3.60 m | 3.40 m | 4.93 m | ||
| Wing area | 42 m² | 40 m² | |||
| Empty mass | 1800 kg | 2290 kg | 2300 kg | 2690 kg | |
| Takeoff mass | 3300 kg | 3500 kg | 3700 kg | ||
| Cruising speed | 260 km / h | 280 km / h. | |||
| Top speed | 300 km / h | 310 km / h | 300 km / h | ||
| Service ceiling | 5900 m | 7000 m | 6700 m | 6500 m | |
| Range | 1120 km | 1000 km | 1500 km | 965 km | |
| Engine | 2 × Renault Bengali 6Q-00/01 | 2 × 6Q-08/09 | 2 × 6Q-02/03 | ||
| power | 220 PS each (approx. 160 kW) | 240 PS each (approx. 180 kW) | |||
Web links
- Caudron C. 440 Goeland
- Caudron C. 440 Goéland - avionslegendaires
- Caudron-Renault C.445M Goéland "Seagull" with colored side cracks
- Jacques NOETINGER: En vol, aux commandes du Caudron C-449 Goéland
- Caudron C. 440 Seagull
- Bureau d'Archives des Accidents d'Avions: Reports on 14 accidents involving Caudron C. 440 Goeland (23 dead) with pictures
swell
- Cortet / Esperou: Le Caudron Goeland , Paris 2001
- Documents from the Federal Archives / Military Archives Freiburg