Red hornwrack

Red hornwrack
	Red horned wrack ( Ceramium virgatum ), ; from Helgoland, Herbarbogen
Systematics
Department :	Red algae (Rhodophyceae)
Class :	Florideophyceae
Order :	Ceramiales
Family :	Ceramiaceae
Genre :	Ceramium
Type :	Red hornwrack
Scientific name
	Ceramium virgatum
	Roth

Enlargement of the branch tips with recognizable curling

Red horned kelp ( Ceramium virgatum ) is a type of red algae . It is distributed almost worldwide on the sea coasts and is also found in the North Sea and Baltic Sea .

description

The bush-like thallus is about 10 to 40 cm tall and is usually deeply blood-red, more rarely brown-red or yellowish-green in color. It consists of fixed thread axes up to 1 mm in diameter, which are irregularly forked and branched at acute angles. In some places the side branches also arise on one side. The threads taper at the tips and are often curved inwards like a forceps or horn. The thread axes are completely barked. When enlarged, the middle cells shimmer through and make the threads appear curled, but this structure is barely visible to the naked eye.

Development cycle

The red horn wrack occurs all year round and is particularly abundant in summer. The female gametophytes have spherical cystocarpies with a few small envelopes on their short side branches . The upper part of the male gametophytes is covered by a layer of colorless spermatangia , which forms a shimmering coating. After fertilization, the tiny carposporophyte develops in the cystocarpies , the spores of which then germinate into tetrasporophytes . This resembles the gametophyte, but mostly has straight branch tips. The tetrasporangia are several next to each other in the bark layer. New gametophytes grow again from the tetraspores.

Occurrence

The red horned wrack occurs almost worldwide in all seas and can be found everywhere in the northeast Atlantic . In the North Sea it is common and common on the Heligoland rock shelf , in the North and East Frisian Wadden Sea and on the coasts of the western and eastern Baltic Sea .

It inhabits the intertidal zone or the area below it (upper sublittoral ). It grows on rocks, mussels or epiphytically on other algae.

Systematics

The first scientific description was in 1797 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (in: Catalecta botanica , p. 148).

Ceramium virgatum is very diverse and varies in size, color and habit. There are many synonyms : Boryna nodulosa (Lightfoot) Grateloup , Ceramium flabelliferum Kiitzing , Ceramium lanciferum Kiitzing , Ceramium nobile J.Agardh , Ceramium nodulosum (Lightfoot) Ducluzeau , Ceramium pedicellatum J.Agardh , Ceramium polymorphum (Linnaeus) De Candolle , Ceramium repens Zanardini , Ceramium rubrum C. Agardh , Ceramium rubrum f. balticum Petersen , Ceramium rubrum f. divaricatum Petersen , Ceramium rubrum f. irregularis-subcorticatum Petersen , Ceramium rubrum f. modificatum Petersen , Ceramium rubrum f. proliferum (C. Agardh) Kjellman , Ceramium rubrum f. subtypicum Petersen , Ceramium rubrum var. liebetruthii Grunow , Ceramium rubrum var. pallens C.Agardh , Ceramium rubrum var. proliferum C.Agardh , Ceramium rubrum var. pygmaeum special , Ceramium villosum Kiitzing , Conferva nodulosa Lightfoot , Conferva polymorpha Linnaeus , Conferva rubra Hudson , Polysiphonia polymorpha (Linnaeus) Duby , Ulva confervoides Linnaeus .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Wolfram Braune: Marine algae. A color guide to the common benthic green, brown and red algae of the world's oceans . Ruggell: Gantner, 2008, ISBN 978-3-906166-69-8 , pp. 454-455.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Ceramium virgatum , accessed November 4, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d P. Kornmann, PH Sahling: Sea algae from Helgoland - Benthic green, brown and red algae. Biological Institution Helgoland, Hamburg 1983, ISSN 0017-9957 , pp. 230-232.
↑ ^a ^b Dirk Schories, Uwe Selig, Hendrik Schubert: Species and synonym list of the German marine macroalgae based on historical and recent records (list of species and synomes of macroalgae in German coastal waters - evaluation of historical and recent findings) . In: Rostock. Marine biologist Contribution , issue 21, 2009, p. 68. PDF file
↑ ^a ^b Michael D. Guiry in Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Ceramium virgatum - In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, accessed November 4, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Roter Hornwang ( Ceramium virgatum ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Braune-1] Wolfram Braune: Marine algae. A color guide to the common benthic green, brown and red algae of the world's oceans . Ruggell: Gantner, 2008, ISBN 978-3-906166-69-8 , pp. 454-455.

[seaweed-2] Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Ceramium virgatum , accessed November 4, 2015.

[Kornmann-3] P. Kornmann, PH Sahling: Sea algae from Helgoland - Benthic green, brown and red algae. Biological Institution Helgoland, Hamburg 1983, ISSN 0017-9957 , pp. 230-232.

[Schories-4] Dirk Schories, Uwe Selig, Hendrik Schubert: Species and synonym list of the German marine macroalgae based on historical and recent records (list of species and synomes of macroalgae in German coastal waters - evaluation of historical and recent findings) . In: Rostock. Marine biologist Contribution , issue 21, 2009, p. 68. PDF file

[Algaebase-5] Michael D. Guiry in Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Ceramium virgatum - In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, accessed November 4, 2015.