Champeta
Champeta is an Afro-Colombian style of music from Cartagena de las Indias and the surrounding area. The Champeta in San Basilio de Palenque, a municipality in the Colombian province of Bolívar, is of particular cultural importance .
etymology
It is named after a short, curved knife from the Caribbean region in Colombia , which is used as a work and household tool in the kitchen, but also as a weapon, similar to the machete .
Historical development
The name Champeta first appeared in the 1920s, in the 1970s the dance and in the 1980s the genre of music was called Champeta. The poor Afro-Colombian population on the outskirts of Cartagena was previously disrespectfully referred to as Champetudos. The name Champeta was synonymous with terms such as vulgarity , poverty and black skin color associated by the ruling white population . From the point of view of the black population with slavery , mistreatment, exploitation and discrimination . Since the 1970s, the Champeta culture has become known nationally through numerous Caribbean dance performances. The music was often a mixture of different styles such as salsa , jíbaro and later also reggae . In the 1960s, Champeta music began to be played in Cartagena from oversized speakers. Dance competitions and other events were held this way. The Champeta events were given a valve function in view of the economic problems and social differences in society in Colombia . It has been called Terapía Criolla since the 1980s, from which its own musical style developed, which initially focused on Cartagena and San Basilio. Later the Champeta was also in Barranquilla . Barranquilla played a major role in the commercialization of Champeta, so the name changed from Terapía Criolla, Terapía Colombiana and finally Champeta.
Cultural aspects
The Champeta consists of four pillars: the Champeta music or therapy, the Benbocata, the Picó and the Perreos. Other components are political activism, folk costumes and other cultural elements.
music
Champeta flourishes as an urban musical culture in Cartagena. The Champeta mixes a number of African musical styles such as Soukous , Highlife , Mbaqanga , Juju with Antillan styles Rap-Raggareggae, Haitian Compass, Zouk , Soca and Calipso , plus Afro-Colombian styles such as Bullerengue, Mapalé and Zambapalo. The over-dimensioned sound equipment is characteristic of the Champeta, since large street areas are covered with powerful loudspeakers. In terms of instruments, electrical vocals, percussion, guitars, congas and the synthesizer have priority for generating the dominant bass track and rhythmic effects. The choir and the so-called despeluque also play a role.
The picos are often mounted on pick-ups, which often have martial names such as "El Conde", "El Guajiro", "El Tiraflecha", "El Rey", "El Parrandero", "El Rambo", "El Tumbatecho" or Wear "El Huracán" and work at extreme volumes. The different picós have their followers who are often in competition with each other.
The texts mainly consist of a popular language and mostly deal with the discrimination of the Afro-Colombian population, fantasies and are often sexually colored. The hymn of the Champeta "Yo soy Champetúo de Michel" sings of the pride of the Champetudos and the historical stratification . Leading figures of the modern Champeta are for example DJ Chawala, who calls himself King de Rocha, and the artist Rafael Escallón.
dance
The expressive and sensual Champeta knows different dance figures that have names like "Cama", "Sacerdote", "Caballito" or "Caracol". Champeta is danced as a couple or alone and can be used as a form of physical therapy. In certain states, the Champeta can also put into trance-like states.
Cinematic editing
The champeta culture was first processed in the film Bandoleros (2006) by Erlyn Salgado. Bandoleros was shown at the Cannes International Film Festival.
Well-known Champeta groups
Well-known Champeta groups are:
- Michel
- Afinaíto (Sergio Liñan)
- El Sayayín
- Charles King
- El Pupy
- El Jhonky (DEP) (Jhon Einster Gutíerrez Cassianis)
- Elio Boom (Francisco Corrales)
- Mister Black (Edwin Antequera)
- Álvaro “El Bárbaro” (Álvaro Zapata)
- El Papo Man
- Luis Towers
- El Yao
- Ito "El Intocable"
- Boogaloo
- Dogardisc
- Melchor Torres
- El Pitu
- El Chano
- Dj Chawala
Notes and individual references
- ↑ Palenque - former refuges for runaway slaves
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://thesuperpacker.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/266/
- ↑ popularly referred to as Picós
- ↑ Creoles - therapy
- ↑ also Afrocaribeña s. Claudia Mosquera, Marion Provansal: When kings do themselves the honor - The triumphant march of the Champeta on the Colombian Caribbean coast Archive link ( Memento of the original from November 1, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- Jump up ↑ jargon or sociolect
- ^ Spanish street celebration, festival
- ↑ span. The prince
- ↑ Spanish the farmer
- ↑ span. The archer
- ↑ span. The king
- ↑ span. The bon vivant
- ↑ span. Who brings the roofs to collapse
- ^ Span. The hurricane
- ↑ a b Archive link ( Memento of the original dated November 1, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ span. The bed
- ↑ span. The priest
- ↑ span. The horse
- ↑ span. The snail
- ^ Spanish. The barbarian
- ↑ the untouchable
Web links
- YouTube: Dj Chawala - El Rey de Rocha
- YouTube: El Sayayin - Paola
- YouTube: Champeta Remix
- YouTube: El Titiritero
- YouTube: Michel - El Gancho
- YouTube: Hétor Crespo Salcedo: Documentation about the Champeta in Cartagena