Charrūba

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Seeds of the carob tree

The charrūba ( Arabic خرّوبة, DMG ḫarrūba  'Karobe') was an Arabic coin weight which, like the Siliqua, was based on the seed of the carob tree and was identical to the Qīrāt . From the Abbasid period the term is often found on Egyptian glass weights to determine the fil (1 fil corresponds to 25, 30 or 35 charrūba). Weighing well-preserved glass weights of this type gave an average weight of 0.196 grams per charrūba, a little more than a gold qīrāt.

The unit of weight was 1 charrūba = 1 qīrāt = 4 habba = 1/24 mithqāl . In the early Abbasid period, the standard for the dirham was set at 13 charrūba.

In the Fatimid coin system, the charrūba was equivalent to 1/16 dirham. As a very small copper coin, the charrūba was also adopted by Roger II in Sicily. After his coin reform, 144 charrūba together formed a tarì . In Tunis , charrūba was the name for a copper coin until the 20th century.

The charrūba was also used as a measure of volume and then corresponded to 1/16 Qadah = 0.06 liters. In Egypt it was officially set at 0.129 liters in 1925 .

literature

  • Paul Balog: "Contributions to the Arabic metrology and coinage. II. A Fatimid gold kharruba from Sicily" in Annali dell'Istituto italiano di numismatica 27-28 (1980-81) 135-137
  • Paul Balog, F. D'Angelo: More on the Arabic silver kharruba of Sicily in Annali dell'Istituto italiano di numismatica 30 (1983) 123-128.
  • Walther Hinz : Islamic measures and weights: converted into the metric system. Photomechanical reprint with additions and corrections. EJ Brill. Leiden / Cologne 1970. pp. 14, 38.
  • Helmut Kahnt, Bernd Knorr: Old measures, coins and weights, a lexicon. Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich, 1987, ISBN 3-411-02148-9 , p. 119.
  • MH Sauvaire: "Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de la numismatique et de la métrologie musulmanes" in Journal Asiatique IV (1884) 368-445. Here pp. 420-422. Digitized
  • E. v. Zambaur: " Kh arrūba" in Encyclopedia of Islam Brill, Leiden, 1913–1936. Vol. II, p. 983a.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Nitzai Amitai Award :: "Islamic Lead Coins, Weights, and Seals in the Israel Museum" in Israel Museum Studies in Archeology 6 (2007) 13-20. Here p. 15.
  2. ↑ Zambaur " Kh Arruba" in EI 1 vol II, pp 983a..
  3. ↑ Sauvaire: "Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de la numismatique et de la métrologie musulmanes". 1884, pp. 420f.
  4. ↑ Michael Bates: "Coins and Money in the Arabic Papyri" in Documents de l'Islam médiéval: nouvelles perspectives de recherche; actes de la table ronde (Paris, 3-5 March 1988) organized by the Center National de la Recherche Scientifique Inst. Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo, 1991. S 43-64. Here p. 56.
  5. ^ Hubert Houben: Roger II of Sicily. Ruler between Orient and Occident. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt, 1997. P. 163f.
  6. ↑ Zambaur " Kh Arruba" in EI 1 vol II, pp 983a..
  7. ↑ Hinz: Islamic Measures and Weights . 1970, p. 38.