Chishtiyya

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Chishtiyya , also Tschishtiyya ( Persian چشتیه Tschischtiya , DMG Čištīya , Urdu چشتیہ) is a moderate Islamic - Orthodox Sufi order ( Tariqa ), which originally comes from the Indian region, but has since found followers worldwide. The founder of this order is Abu Ishaq asch-Shami ( Arabic ابو اسحاق الشامي, DMG Abū Isḥāq aš-Šāmī , also Persian ابو اسحاق شامى, DMG Abū Isḥāq-i Šāmī , † 940), the most famous representatives were Muinuddin Chishti (Muʿīn-ud-Dīn Čištī, 1141–1230 / 36) and Salim Chishti (Salīm Čištī, 1478 / 80–1572).

history

The name of the order is derived from Chisht , a small town about 140 kilometers east of Herat ( Afghanistan ). The first to call himself Chishti was Abu Ishaq asch-Shami, a Sufi from Syria , probably from the city of Damascus ( Arabic دمشق, DMG Dimašq , also aš-Šām ). He met another Sufi who told him to settle in Chisht, whereupon he was named Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti. He died in Damascus in 940 and was buried on Mount Qasyun , where the tomb of the famous mystic Ibn Arabi was later built.

Muinuddin Chishti came to Delhi in 1193 and eventually settled in Ajmer . Shortly thereafter, this place was an important center for the Islamization of India , especially the central and southern parts of the country. The Chishtiyya spread relatively quickly in these areas, not least because most of the conversions to Islam in India at that time were largely due to the Chishtiyya saints. Many Hindus at that time were impressed by the simple sermons and the practice of love for God and for neighbor; especially Hindus from low castes and also casteless.

Muinuddin's tomb is in Ajmer, where a magnificent marble shrine was built during the Mughal rule. It still attracts thousands of devout Muslims today , and on the anniversary of the saint there are even large streams of pilgrims from Pakistan to India.

Pakistani and North Indian Qawwali musicians usually lead the Silsila (lineage) of the music style cultivated in their group as teacher-student series back to the founder of the Chishtiyya order in the 13th century.

construction

In the centers of the order ( Khanqahs ) no distinctions were made between the disciples, a kind of classless society existed. This cast a spell over many Hindus, especially the poor. The students of a center were led by a sheikh .

In addition, the Khanqahs did not accept donations of money from the respective rulers of the country because they refused to have anything to do with a secular government. People relied solely on donations from the people, and keeping the khanqahs often proved difficult. In contrast to almost all other tariqas, the Chishtis never made contact with state governments or state officials because they consider state service to be incompatible with spiritual progress.

Teaching

Muinuddin Chishti had summarized the teaching of the Chishtiyya in three principles. Accordingly, a Sufi should have "generosity like that of the ocean, gentleness like that of the sun and modesty like that of the earth". The Chishtis observe the usual Islamic commandments in contrast to heterodox sects such as the Qalandar . Her beliefs include poetry, music and dances ( samāʿ or qawwali ).

literature

  • Tahir Kamran, Amir Khan Shahid: Shariʿa, Shiʿas and Chishtiya Revivalism: Contextualizing the Growth of Sectarianism in the Tradition of the Sialvi Saints of the Punjab. In: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Volume 24, Issue 3, July 2014, pp. 477–492
  • KA Nizami: Čishtiyya. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Volume 2, Brill, Leiden 1965, pp. 50b-56b

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Raziuddin Aquil. Music and Related Practices in Chishti Sufism: Celebrations and Conte station. In: Social Scientist, Vol. 40, No. 3/4, March – April 2012, pp. 17–32