Chromatin Remodeling
Chromatin remodeling (engl. Chromatin remodeling ) refers to the dynamic adaptation of the structure of the genome in living organisms with the cell nucleus . By remodeling, for example, the accessibility of the genomic DNA is varied, whereby the gene expression can be controlled. Such remodeling is ensured by covalent histone modifications with the help of specific enzymes (e.g. histone acetyltransferases [HATs], deacetylases, methyltransferases and kinases ) and by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes that can either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes .
Since chromatin remodeling varies the properties of the genome without changing the sequence of the nucleotides, it is one of the subject areas of epigenetics . In addition to proteins, epigenetic markings on DNA (mainly DNA methylation ) also affect chromatin remodeling. In addition to the active regulation of gene expression, dynamic remodeling gives chromatin epigenetic roles in various key biological processes such as DNA replication and DNA repair in egg cells, apoptosis, chromosome segregation, development and pluripotency.
It should be noted that aberrations in chromatin remodeling are associated with human disease. Chromatin remodeling is an important approach in developing therapeutic strategies for treating various types of cancer.
Individual evidence
- ↑ VB teif, K. rib: Predicting nucleosome positions on the DNA: combining intrinsic sequence preferences and remodeler activities. In: Nucleic acids research. Volume 37, number 17, September 2009, pp. 5641-5655, doi : 10.1093 / nar / gkp610 , PMID 19625488 , PMC 2761276 (free full text).
- ↑ Q. Wu, JB Lian, JL Stein, GS Stein, JA Nickerson, AN Imbalzano: The BRG1 ATPase of human SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes as a driver of cancer. In: Epigenomics. Volume 9, number 6, 06 2017, pp. 919-931, doi : 10.2217 / epi-2017-0034 , PMID 28521512 , PMC 5705788 (free full text) (review).